Chapter 22 : The Respiratory System

Front 1

The 2 systems that cooperate to supply O2 and eliminate CO2 are :

Back 1

The Cardiovascular and The Respiratory System

Front 2

Provides for gas exchange

Back 2

Respiratory System

Front 3

Transports the respiratory gases

Back 3

Cardiovascular System

Front 4

Failure of either of the 2 major systems has the same effect on the body :

Back 4

Disruption of homeostasis and rapid death of cells from oxygen starvation and buildup of waste products

Front 5

Functions of the respiratory system :

Back 5

Gas Exchange
Regulating pH
Contains Receptors for the Sense of Smell
Filters Inspired Air
Produces Sounds
Eliminates Water and Heat in the Expired Air

Front 6

Respiratory System consists of :

Back 6

Nose
pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Front 7

Refers to the nose, pharynx and associated structures.

Back 7

Upper Respiratory System

Front 8

Includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Back 8

Lower Respiratory System

Front 9

This zone consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, and terminal bronchioles

Back 9

Conducting Zone

Front 10

This zone consists of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Back 10

Respiratory Zone

Front 11

Made of cartilage of and skin. Lined with mucous membrane.
Framework is formed by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillae.

Back 11

Nose

Front 12

Interior structures are specialized for warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air; receiving olfactory stimuli; and serving as large, hollow resonating chambers to modify speech sounds

Back 12

Nose

Front 13

Inside of both the external and internal nose

Back 13

Nasal Cavity

Front 14

The nose is divided into right and left sides by this

Back 14

Nasal Septum

Front 15

A muscular tube lined by a mucous membrane (throat)

Back 15

Pharynx

Front 16

The anatomic regions of the pharynx are :

Back 16

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Front 17

Functions in respiration

Back 17

Nasopharynx

Front 18

Function in digestion and in respiration (serving as a passageway for both air and food)

Back 18

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

Front 19

A passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea (voice box)
Contains the thyroid cartilage; the epiglottis; the cricoid cartilage; and the paired arytenoids cartilages.

Back 19

Larynx

Front 20

Refered to as the Adam's apple

Back 20

Thyroid Cartilage

Front 21

Prevents food from entering the larynx

Back 21

Epiglottis

Front 22

Connects the larynx and trachea

Back 22

Cricoid Cartilage

Front 23

True vocal cords that produce sound

Back 23

Vocal Folds

Front 24

Taunt vocal cords produce..........

Relaxed vocal folds produce........

Back 24

High pitches

Low pitches

Front 25

Extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi (windpipe)

Back 25

Trachea

Front 26

These keep the airway open

Back 26

Cartilage Rings

Front 27

Sweep debris away from the lungs and back to the throat to be swallowed

Back 27

Cilia of the Epithelium

Front 28

Paired organs in the thoracic cavity; enclosed and protected by the pleural membrane.
Almost fill totally fill the thorax.

Back 28

Lungs

Front 29

The outer layer which is attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity

Back 29

Parietal Pleura

Front 30

The inner layer, covering the lungs themselves

Back 30

Visceral Pleura

Front 31

The small potential space between the pleurae which contains a lubricating fluid secreted by the membranes

Back 31

The Pleural Cavity

Front 32

Contains 3 lobes separated by 2 fissures

Back 32

Right Lung

Front 33

Conains 2 lobes separated by one fissure and a depression, the cardiac notch

Back 33

Left Lung

Front 34

The secondary bronchi give rise to branches called ______ _______, which supply segments of lung tissue called bronchopulmonary segments

Back 34

Tertiary (segmental) Bronchi

Front 35

Each bronchopulmonary segment consists of many small compartments called :
Thes contain lymphatic vessels, arterioles, venules, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Back 35

Lobules

Front 36

Consist of Type 1 Alveolar (squamous pulmonary epithelial) cells, Type 2 Alveolar (septal) cells, and Alveolar Macrophages

Back 36

Alveolar Walls

Front 37

Alveolar fluid secreted by Type 2 alveolar cells which keeps the alveolar cells moist and which contains a component called _________

Back 37

Surfactant

Front 38

Lowers surface tension of alveolar fluid, preventing th collapse of alveoli with each expiration

Back 38

Surfactant

Front 39

Gas exchange occurs across the _________

Back 39

Respiratory Membrane

Front 40

Respiration occurs in three basic steps :

Back 40

Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Internal Respiration

Front 41

Process of bringing air into the lungs (inhalation)

Back 41

Inspiration

Front 42

The movement of air into and out of the lungs depends on pressure changes governed in part by this.
States that the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure, assuming that temperature is constant

Back 42

Boyle's Law

Front 43

The first step in expanding the lungs involves :

Back 43

The contraction of the main inspiratory muscle, the diaphragm

Front 44

This occurs when alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure

Back 44

Inhalation

Front 45

The movement of air out of the lungs (exhalation)
Becomes active during labored breathing and when air movement out of the lungs is impeded.

Back 45

Expiration

Front 46

In the lungs, this causes the alveoli to assume the smallest diameter possible

Back 46

Surface Tension

Front 47

The ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded

Back 47

Compliance

Front 48

These are used to express emotions and to clear air passageways

Back 48

Modified Respiratory Movements

Front 49

Examples of Modified Respiratory Movements

Back 49

Coughing
Sneezing
Sighing
Yawning
Sobbing
Crying
Laughing
Hiccupping