Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Which of the following sequences is listed in the correct anatomical order? |
esophagus > gastric antrum > pyloric sphincter > duodenum > ileum |
a. gastric antrum > ileum > pyloric sphincter > duodenum > esophagus b. gastric antrum > esophagus > duodenum > pyloric sphincter > ileum c. esophagus > gastric antrum > pyloric sphincter > duodenum > ileum d. esophagus > duodenum > pyloric sphincter > ileum > gastric antrum |
|
|
Which of the following nutrients is specifically digested in the mouth, the stomach, and the small intestine? |
fats |
a. Fats b. Nucleic and ribonucleic acids c. Proteins d. Carbohydrates |
|
|
Peristalsis differs from segmentation in that ________. |
peristalsis promotes net forward movement of the bolus |
a. peristalsis requires coordination of longitudinal muscle activity b. peristalsis is a form of motility c. peristalsis involves contraction of smooth muscle d. peristalsis promotes net forward movement of the bolus |
|
|
The cephalic phase of digestion can be initiated by ________. |
sight and smell of food, and sounds associated with food |
a. the presence of amino acids in the stomach b. the presence of water on the tongue c. the presence of fatty acids in the small intestine d. sight and smell of food, and sounds associated with food |
|
|
To achieve coordinated activity within a given section of the small intestine, adjacent smooth muscle cells have ________. |
gap junctions |
a. leaky junctions b. gap junctions c. tight junctions d. desmosomes |
|
|
Which part of the wall of the digestive tract has transporting epithelial cells? |
The mucosa |
a. The muscularis b. The serosa c. Plicae d. The mucosa |
|
|
The swallowing center in the central nervous system that coordinates the muscular reflexes is located in the ________. |
medulla oblongata of the brain stem |
a. cerebrum b. hypothalamus c. medulla oblongata of the brain stem d. lumbar spinal cord |
|
|
A high-protein meal stimulates release of ______, which in turn stimulates secretion of ____________. |
gastrin; hydrochloric acid |
a. GIP; insulin b. CCK; bile c. gastrin; hydrochloric acid d. secretin; acid |
|
|
The parietal cells of the stomach synthesize and secrete __________, and its chief cells synthesize and secrete __________. |
hydrochloric acid; pepsinogen |
a. hydrochloric acid; pepsinogen b. pepsinogen; hydrochloric acid c. bicarbonate ions; mucus d. mucus; bicarbonate ions |
|
|
An example of a feedforward endocrine reflex in the digestive system is ________. |
the stimulation of insulin release by GIP, preventing a rise in plasma glucose |
a. the stimulation of insulin release by GIP, preventing a rise in plasma glucose b. the effect of CCK to cause contraction of the gallbladder in response to fats in the intestine c. the stimulation of hydrochloric acid secretion by gastrin d. the effect of acid in the small intestine to trigger secretin release, resulting in inhibition of acid secretion |
|
|
Which of the following enzymes produces a product that enters the absorptive cells of the small intestine via simple diffusion? |
lipases |
a. Amylases b. Lipases c. Peptidases d. Nucleases |
|
|
Microbes in the colon can synthesize __________, which is/are absorbed luminally via __________. |
vitamin K; simple diffusion |
a. B vitamins; mediated transport b. steroid hormones; secondary active transport c. nucleic acids; simple diffusion d. vitamin K; simple diffusion |
|
|
__________ is/are a key component of bile. Its function is __________. |
Bile salts; to emulsify fats during digestion |
a. Ferroportin; to bind triglycerides b. Cholesterol; to emulsify fats during digestion c. Bilirubin; to act as a detergent to solubilize triglycerides d. Bile salts; to emulsify fats during digestion |
|
|
Which of the following statements regarding the short and long reflexes that regulate GI function is true? |
Reflexes that originate and are integrated in the enteric nervous system are called short reflexes. |
a. Long reflex responses are initiated through submucosal neurons. b. A cephalic reflex can be a short or a long reflex. c. Long reflexes are integrated only in the enteric nervous system. d. Reflexes that originate and are integrated in the enteric nervous system are called short reflexes. |
|
|
Which of the following statements about the enteric nervous system is FALSE? |
The support cells of the neurons within the ENS are more similar to the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system than to astroglia of the brain. |
a. The neurotransmitters of the ENS are sometimes called non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic. b. The capillaries that surround ganglia in the ENS are not very permeable. c. The support cells of the neurons within the ENS are more similar to the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system than to astroglia of the brain. d. The neuron network of the ENS acts as its own integrating center, much like the brain and the spinal cord. |
|
|
In the mouth, amylase digests starch to ______, which is further digested to _____ in the small intestine by the action of the enzyme ________. |
maltose; glucose; maltase |
a. maltose; glucose; maltase b. cellulose; glucose; cellulase c. lactose; galactose; lactase d. sucrose; fructose; sucrase |
