Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is environment?
|
total of all elements that surround us & influence our development
|
|
What environmental factors did Florence Nightingale feel needed to be controlled?
|
-Temperature
-ventilation & humidity -lighting -odor -noise -neatness -privacy |
|
What room temperature do infants & older patients require?
|
warmer rooms between 68 & 74 degrees
|
|
What is ventilation?
|
supplying a room with fresh air continually
|
|
What is humidity?
|
amount of moisture in the air
|
|
Whats a comfortable humidity level for patient's rooms?
|
30%-50%
|
|
What will too little humidity do to a patient?
|
dry out their respiratory passages
|
|
How should lighting be in a patient's room?
|
-adequate to perform tasks & prevent accidents & injury
-bright enough to see -soft enough to prevent sharp shadows |
|
How can you control odor in patient's rooms?
|
-empty & rinse bedpans, bedside commodes, & urinals frequently
-dispose of dressings & used equipment -place nothing odorous in their trash -avoid the sources of odor -remove old flowers & stagnant water -not wearing perfume, scented lotions, etc. |
|
What is the main source of noise in a hospital?
|
people
|
|
What can a patient experience from too much noise?
|
sensory overload
|
|
What can be used to mask outside noises & relax the patient?
|
soft background music
|
|
How can you reduce noise for your patient?
|
-avoid long conversations in the hallway
-encourage staff to speak in low voices -avoid jokes & laughter at the nurses station -answer alarms on IV pumps & equipment promptly |
|
How can you keep a patients room neat & tidy?
|
-straighten the patient's unit after making the bed & whenever appropriate
-remove trays & dishes promptly after meals -keep the over-the-bed table clear of unnecessary clutter/equipment |
|
What is essential for a patient's well-being?
|
privacy
|
|
How can you maintain your patient's privacy?
|
-always knock gently & identify yourself before entering the room
-closing the curtain around the patient for personal tasks such as using a bed pan & bathing, in multi-patient rooms -post a sign on the door informing others of such tasks to discourage them from entering the room |
|
What can you use in a patient's bed to prevent pressure ulcer formation?
|
an overlay
|
|
What should you always do to a bed that is not moving?
|
lock the wheels
|
|
How should you leave the patient's bed when you're not performing any procedures?
|
in a low position
|
|
When is an unoccupied bed made?
|
when the patient is out of bed in a chair or out of the room for a diagnostic procedure/therapy
|
|
When is an occupied bed made?
|
when a patient cannot get out of bed
|
|
How should bed linens look?
|
neat, orderly, & free from wrinkles
|
|
What is needed to prevent accidents & possible injury to patients, visitors, & health care personnel?
|
safety
|
|
What are the most common patient accidents/incidents?
|
-falls
-burns -cuts & bruises -fights with others -loss of possessions -choking -electrical shock |
|
What are the three common factors for falls?
|
-impaired physical mobility
-altered mental status -sensory &/or motor deficits |
|
What do patients at risk for falls need?
|
a leg/bed alarm
|
|
How can you prevent your patient from being burned?
|
-check temperature of liquids before giving it to them
-caution the patient about sleeping on a heating pad/cold pack -inspect electrical chords for frayed or broken areas that may cause sparks/fires |
|
What can cause your patient to be burned?
|
hot/cold materials
|
|
What types of patients are more at risk for being burned than others?
|
Diabetics, paralyzed, & those with altered mental awareness
|
|
What patients should you supervise while they smoke?
|
sedated, confused, or irrational patients
|
|
When is smoking NEVER aloud?
|
when oxygen is in use
|
|
What are some nursing actions to promote patient safety in the hospital?
|
-orient the patient to the unit on admission
-assess patient's gait & risk for falling on admission -evaluate patient's drug regimen for side effects that increase the risk for falling -keep bed in low position when not giving direct care -toilet the patient on a regular schedule -lock the wheels on the bed -provide a night-light for going to the bathroom -encourage a use of nonskid slippers -answer call lights promptly -tell the patient when you will next check in -encourage the use of grab bars -place high-risk patients in a room close to the nurses' station -be sure the patient's call bell is within reach -stay with confused/unsteady patients when they are up -provide diversionary activities for confused patients -make sure wheelchair brakes are locked |
|
What are some nursing actions to promote patient safety in the home?
|
-place a nonskid bath mat in the tub/shower
-use night-lights to help patient find the bathroom -suggest installation of grab bars -install door buzzers or bed alarms -maintain the same furniture arrangement -encourage removal of extension chords -caution the patient about toys & animals -provide appropriate community resources |
|
What should you know in case of a fire?
|
-the location of fire extinguishers, fire alarms, & escape routes
-how to notify the telephone operator about a fire in your area |
|
What does R.A.C.E. stand for?
|
-R rescue any patients in immediate danger by removing them from the area
-A activate the fire alarm system -C contain the fire by closing doors & windows -E extinguish flames with an appropriate extinguisher |
|
What does P.A.S.S. stand for?
|
-P pull pin
-A aim -S squeeze -S sweep |
|
What is a bio-hazard?
|
a biological agent, chemical, or condition that can be harmful to a person's health
|
|
What does OSHA publish for dealing with bio-hazards?
|
specific guidelines for labeling, handling, cleaning spills, & disposing of these materials
|
|
What does MSDS stand for?
|
material safety data sheet
|
|
What is the MSDS used for?
|
-recommended methods of storage
-labeling -handling spills -disposal |
|
What is bio-terrorism?
|
the release of pathogenic microorganisms into a community to achieve political &/or military goals
|
|
What is chemical-terrorism?
|
the use of certain compounds to cause destruction to achieve political &/or military goals
|
|
What are some examples of compounds used for chemical warfare?
|
-pulmonary agents
-cyanide agents -nerve agents -vesicants -incapacitating agents |
|
What are some common diseases that are spread though bio-terrorism?
|
-anthrax
-botulism -ebola virus -lassa fever -plague -smallpox -tularemia |
|
What must you be familiar with in the event of a terrorist attack?
|
your institution's policies for decontamination, treatment, & triage
|
|
What must staff wear during decontamination?
|
masks & protective clothing that are impervious to chemicals & cover all skin surfaces; or MOPP's
|
|
What does MOPP stand for?
|
military mission-oriented protective posture suits
|
|
What must be worn with MOPP's?
|
a chemical mask with a filtered respirator
|
|
What is triage?
|
assessed & labeled according to the priority of care as "immediate", "delayed", or "expectant"
|
|
What is treatment based on in triage?
|
the type of agent to which the patient was exposed & degree of exposure
|
|
What are antibiotics used for during triage treatment?
|
some biological agents
|
|
What are antidotes used for during triage treatment?
|
some of the chemicals & poisonous gasses
|
|
How is treatment directed during triage when you're not using antibiotics/antidotes?
|
towards supporting organ function while the body tries to recover
|
|
What is a poison?
|
a substance that when ingested inhaled, absorbed, applied, injected, or developed within the body, may cause functional/structural disturbances
|
|
Where are treatments & antidotes obtained?
|
from poison control center/listed on some containers
|
|
What should you do in the event of a suspected poisoning?
|
contact the poison control center
|
|
What should you be ready to report when contacting poison control in the event of a suspected poisoning?
|
-name of the product
-patient's age -amount you believe is involved -any symptoms involved |
|
What are some behavioral indications that protective devices are needed?
|
-psychiatric setting
-sudden change in mental status/behavior |
|
What do federal & local laws mandate about protective devices?
|
the patient should be protected from physical & mental abuse & from physical & chemical restraints except when authorized by a physician, in writing, for a limited period of time/in an emergency situation
|
|
What is an alternative to using protective devices?
|
encouraging family & friends of a patient who is confused to sit with them
|
|
What are some principles to follow during the use of protective devices?
|
-must help the patient or be needed to continue medical therapy
-use the least amount of immobilization needed -must have a written order for the use of any device -must notify the physician once the device is no longer needed -apply it snugly, but not so tightly that it interferes with blood circulation/nerve function -must be removed & patient's position must be changed every 2 hours -use active or passive exercises for immobilized joints |