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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Theory
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A conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for action
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Early Management Ideas |
Robert Owen (just know facts not name): One of the first managers to recognize the importance of human resources. He raised working age for children, reduced hours, and supplied meals.Charles Babbage (just know facts not name): Mathematically focused on efficiency of production. Believed in division of labor. |
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Classical Management Perspective |
Consists of two branches – scientific management and administrative management. Classical Management Perspective, Scientific Management, Administrative Management Focuses on ways to improve the production of individual workers. Focuses on managing the total organization. |
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Frederick Taylor
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saw workers soldiering, or deliberately working below their potential. He devised this four step method to overcome the problem.
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Steps in Scientific Management
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1. Develop a science for each element of the job to replace old rule of thumb methods 2. Scientifically select employees and then train them to do the job as described in step one 3. Supervise employees to make sure they follow the described methods for performing their jobs 4. Continue to plan the work, but use workers to get the work done |
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Classical Management Today
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Contributions: Laid the foundation for management theory, Identified key processes, functions, and skills. , Made management a valid subject of study; Limitations: Best used in simple, stable organizations. , Universal procedures may not be appropriate in some settings. , Employees not viewed as resources.
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Behavioral Management Perspective
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Emphasizes individual attitudes and behaviors and group processes
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Human Relations Movement
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Argued that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace.
Stemmed from the Hawthorne studies. A basic assumption is that a manager’s concern for workers will lead to increased satisfaction and improved performance. |
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Human Relations Movement: Theory X |
A pessimistic and negative view of workers consistent with the views of scientific management.
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Human Relations Movement: Theory Y |
A positive view of workers; it represents the assumptions that human relations advocates make. Both X and Y Includes Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. |
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Organizational Behavior
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Contemporary field focusing on behavioral perspectives on management.
Organizational behavior takes a holistic view of behavior and addresses individual, group, and organization processes. |
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Quantitative Management
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Applies quantitative techniques to management.Focuses on decision-making, economic effectiveness, mathematical models, and the use of computers. |
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Quantitative Management- Management science |
Focuses specifically on the development of mathematical models. |
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Quantitative Management- Operations management |
Concerned with helping the organization more efficiently produce its products or services.
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Integrating Perspectives for Managers- Systems Perspective
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A system is an interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole.
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Integrating Perspectives for Managers- Systems Perspective- open system |
An open system is one that interacts with its environment. |
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Integrating Perspectives for Managers- Systems Perspective- closed system |
A closed system does not interact with its environment.
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Integrating Perspectives for Managers- Systems Perspective- subsystem |
systems within each other |
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Systems Perspective of Organizations- Synergy |
two or more subsystems working together to produce more than the total of what they might produce working alone.
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Systems Perspective of Organizations- Entropy
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a normal process leading to system decline
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Contingency Perspective
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suggests that appropriate managerial behavior in a given situation depends on, or is contingent on, a wide variety of elements- Believes each organization is unique.
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Contingency Perspective- universal perspective
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tries to identify the “one best way” to do something- Includes the classical, behavioral, and quantitative approaches.
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