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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The smallest chemical units of matter of which no chemical change can alter their identity are: |
atoms |
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The three subatomic particles that are stable constituents of atomic structure are: |
protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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The protons in an atom are found only: |
in the nucleus |
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The unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule of water is an example of: |
a polar covalent bond |
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The attraction between cations and anions is important in: |
ionic bonds |
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The symbol 2H means: |
two atoms of hydrogen |
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From the following choices, select the one which diagrams a typical decomposition reaction: |
AB = A + B |
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A + B <==> AB is an example of a __________ reaction. |
Blank |
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AB + CD <==> AD + CB is an example of a __________ reaction. |
reversible, synthesis, and exchange |
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The presence of an appropriate enzyme affects only the: |
rate of reaction |
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Organic catalysts made by a living cell to promote a specific reaction are called: |
enzymes |
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The major difference between inorganic and organic compounds is that inorganic compounds are usually: |
not structurally made from carbon and hydrogen |
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The four major classes of organic compounds are: |
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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The ability of water to maintain a relatively constant temperature and then prevent rapid changes in body temperature is due to its: |
capacity to absorb and distribute heat |
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To maintain homeostasis in the human body, the normal pH range of the blood must remain at: |
7.35 to 7.45 |
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An enzyme can catalyze a reaction by: |
binding to a substrate
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The ideal medium for the absorption and/or transport of inorganic or organic compounds is: |
water |
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A solute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in pH is: |
an acid |
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A solute that removes hydrogen ions from a solution is: |
a base |
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A carbohydrate molecule is made up of: |
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Carbohydrates are most important to the body in that they serve as primary sources of: |
Energy |
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The small molecules that form chains to build proteins are called: |
amino acids |
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Special proteins that are involved in metabolic regulation are called: |
enzymes |
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The three basic components of a single nucleotide of a nucleic acid are: |
sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base |
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The most important high-energy compound found in the human body is: |
ATP |
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The chemical properties of every element are determined by: |
the number and arrangement of electrons in the outer energy level |
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Whether an atom will react with another atom will be determined primarily by: |
the number of electrons in the outermost energy level |
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In the formation of nonpolar covalent bonds there is: |
equal sharing of protons and electrons |
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The symbol 2H2O means that two identical molecules of water are each composed of: |
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom |
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The reason water is particularly effective as a solvent is: |
polar molecules are formed due to the closeness of hydrogen atoms |
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The action of a buffer to maintain pH with normal limits consists primarily of: |
removing or replacing hydrogen ions |
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A salt may best be described as: |
an inorganic molecule created by the reaction of an acid and a base |
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The chemical makeup of a lipid molecule is different from a carbohydrate in that the lipid molecule: |
contains much less oxygen than a carbohydrate having the same number of carbon atoms |
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Lipid deposits are important as energy reserves because: |
lipids provide twice as much energy as carbohydrates |
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Proteins differ from carbohydrates in that they: |
always contain nitrogen |
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Isotopes of an element are: |
atoms whose nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons |
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Compared with the other major organic compounds, nucleic acids are unique in that they: |
store and process information at the molecular level |
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What happens to an enzyme that is subjected to extremely high temperatures? |
It becomes denatured. |
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If an atom has an atomic number of 92 and its atomic weight is 238, how many protons does the atom have? |
92 |
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If the second energy level of an atom has one (1) electron, how many more does it need to fill it to its maximum capacity? |
7 |
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Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is NOT correct? |
All polysaccharides have a sweet taste and dissolve easily in water. |
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Which type of lipid is a good energy source, provides insulation, and helps protect delicate organs? |
Triglycerides |
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Which one of the following selections represents the pH of the weakest acid? |
6.7 |
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The type of bond that has the most important effects on the properties of water and the shapes of complex molecules is the: |
hydrogen bond |
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If oxygen has an atomic weight of 16, what is the molecular weight of an oxygen molecule? |
32 |
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A molecule that is hydrophobic consists of |
fats and oils |
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The dispersed substances in a solution are called: |
solutes |
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Two simple sugars joined together form a disaccharide. The reaction involved requires: |
the removal of water to create a more complex molecule |
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Which of the following are characteristics of electrolytes? |
a, b, and c are correct |
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The reason the hemoglobin molecule qualifies as a quaternary protein structure is: |
it has four interacting globular subunits |