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46 Cards in this Set
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abnormal psychology
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harmful dysfunction where behavior is judge to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable
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early theories
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abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out, trephining was often used
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DSM-IV
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diagnostic statistic manual of mental disorders; big book of disorders
- classifies disorders and describes the symptoms -will not explain causes or possible cures |
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neurotic disorders
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distressing but on can still function in society and act normally
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psychotic disorders
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person loses contact with reality and experiences distorted perceptions
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anxiety disorders
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conditions where anxiety or defenses against anxiety, patient fears something awful will happen to them, they're in a state of intense fear
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phobias
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person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread, irrational fear, more than 1000 of them
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generalized anxiety disorder
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-a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
-patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, oversensitive, can't concentrate, suffers from insomnia |
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panic disorder
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marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread where a person experiences terror, chest pain, choking, and other frightening situations
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obsessive compulsive disorder
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persistent unwanted thoughts that cause someone to feel the need to engage in a particular action
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post-traumatic stress
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flashbacks or nightmares following a person's involvement in or observation of an extremely stressful event
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somatoform disdorder
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occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom
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hypochondriasis
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frequent physical for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause
minor issues are indicative for more severe illnesses |
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conversion disorder
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existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason
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dissociative disorder
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involve disruption in the conscious process
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psychogenic amnesia
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person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for disruption in memory
-retrograde amnesia |
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dissociative fugue
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people with psychogenic amnesia that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment
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dissociative identity disorder
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person has several rather than one integrated personality
people with DID commonly have a history of child abuse or trauma |
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major depression
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unipolar depression
unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause depression is common cold of psychological disorders |
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seasonal affective disorder
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experience depression during winter months
based on amount of sunlight, treated with light therapy |
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dipolar disorder
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involve periods of depression and manic episodes
manic episodes involve feelings of high energy engage in risky behavior during manic episode |
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personality disorder
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well established, maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively effect people's ability to function
dominates their personality |
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antisocial personality disorder
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lack of empathy, little regard for other's feelings, view the world as hostile and look out for themselves
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dependent personality disorder
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rely too much on attention and help of others
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histrionic personality disorder
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needs to be center of attention
whether acting silly or dressing provocatively |
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narcissistic personality disorder
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having an unwarranted sense of self importance
thinking that you are the center of the universe |
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obsessive compulsive disorder
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overly concerned with certain thoughts and performing certain behaviors
not as extreme as ocd anxiety |
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schizophrenic disorders
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about 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed with schizophrenia
symptoms of schizophrenia: disorganized thinking disturbed perceptions inappropriate emotions and actions |
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disorganized thinking
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the thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs
disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention - cannot filter out information |
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delusions
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delusions of persecution
delusions of grandeur |
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disturbed perceptions
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hallucination of sensory experiences without sensory stimulation
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inappropriate emotions and actions
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laugh at inappropriate times
flat effect: lack of emotion senseless, compulsive acts catatonia: motionless waxy flexibility |
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positive vs. negative symptoms
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positive: presence of inappropriate symptoms
negative: absence of appropriate symptoms |
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disorganized schizophrenia
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disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion
clang associations: focus on sound, not meaning (speaking) |
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paranoid schizophrenia
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preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations
somebody is out to get me! |
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catatonic schizophrenia
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flat effect
waxy flexibility parrot like repeating of another's speed and movements |
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other disorders
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paraphilias
fetishism sadist, masochist eating disorders substance use disorders ADHD |
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the rosenhan study
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rosenhan's associates were malingering symptoms of hearing voices
they were all admitted for schizophrenia none were exposed as impostors they all left diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission |
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therapy
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used to be that if someone exhibited abnormal behavior, they were institutionalized
because of new drugs and better therapy, the US went to a policy of deinstitutionalization |
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psychoanalytic therapy
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unconscious transference
other therapies will result in symptom substitution |
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humanistic therapy
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client-centered therapy by carl rogers
these are non-directive therapies and use active listening self-actualization, free will and unconditional positive regard Gestalt Therapy by Fritz Perls encourages clients to get in touch with whole self |
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Behavioral Therapies
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counterconditioning
-classical conditioning --flooding --aversive conditioning --systematic desensitization -operant conditioning --token economy |
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cognitive therapy
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change the way we view the world
Aaron Beck Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Therapy |
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Psychopharmacology
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antipsychotics - thorazine, haldol
anti-anxiety - valium, barbiturates, xanax mood disorders - serotonin, reuptake inhibitors bipolar - lithium |
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somatic therapy
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electroconvulsive therapy - for depression (a brief electric current)
psychosurgery (remove/destroy brain tissues to change behavior) prefrontal lobotomy (cut nerves in brain to control inner brain) |
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group therapy
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therapist-led small groups
cheaper, work better on family, group issues social context - self-help, support group |