Chapter 15 - Therapy

Front 1

Benzodiazepines work by increasing the effectiveness of _____.

Back 1

GABA

Front 2

Dr. Astin often treats individuals who have symptoms of major depression. During the initial treatment, Dr. Astin often prescribes antidepressants, but during the course of therapy, he also encourages patients to recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs. He believes that drug treatment can be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression, but only by understanding the causes of their depression will individuals be able to prevent relapses. Dr. Astin's approach to therapy could best be described as an __________ ________.

Back 2

eclectic approach

Front 3

Hsuan has been institutionalized with schizophrenia. If Hsuan washes and puts on clean clothes in the morning, his therapist gives him two poker chips. Each time Hsuan fails to wash himself in the morning, he loses one of his poker chips. If Hsuan saves seven poker chips, he can turn them in for 30 minutes playing his favorite video game. In this case, the therapist is using a _______ ______ to increase Husan's adaptive skills.

Back 3

token economy

Front 4

Humanistic therapies are based on the assumption that psychological disorders primarily result from what?

Back 4

an individual's poor self-concept and general lack of self-worth

Front 5

In assessing the effectiveness of psychotherapy, the best method to use would involve using a what?

Back 5

control group of potential clients, who do not receive active treatment

Front 6

One of the advantages that group therapy offers over individual therapy is what?

Back 6

group settings can improve the trusting relationship shared by a client and a therapist

Front 7

Prozac works by slowing what?

Back 7

the reuptake of serotonin

Front 8

__________ is a lengthy process that takes years to complete

Back 8

Psychoanalysis

Front 9

Punishment is rarely used as the sole type of behavioral intervention because the use of punishment does what?

Back 9

only teaches someone what not to do, it does not teach someone the appropriate way to act

Front 10

Ross has been going to a psychotherapist for the past 2 months. He tells you about a recent session in which he told the therapist that he was "unlovable and everyone goes out of their way to avoid him." His therapist became quite confrontational and attacked the rationality of his statement. In this case, it appears that Ross' therapist uses ________ ________ ______.

Back 10

rational-emotive therapy

Front 11

Smith and colleagues analyzed the results of 475 research studies that were designed to evaluate one or more forms of psychotherapy. In general, these researchers found that what?

Back 11

people who received some form of psychotherapy were better off than people who were left untreated

Front 12

The form of psychotherapy that gives a client the least direction and simply provides acceptance and encouragement while the client works through his or her problems is what?

Back 12

client-centered therapy

Front 13

The idea that you can't be profoundly relaxed and fearful at the same time is basic to ____________ __________.

Back 13

systematic desensitization

Front 14

Trent has a psychological disorder, and his doctor has recommended electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT). In this case, Trent most likely has what?

Back 14

severe depression that has not responded to antidepressant drugs

Front 15

When Lester was 6 years old, he was attacked by a large dog, and his leg and arm were bitten quite badly. As an adult, he is still terrified of dogs. Just the sight of a dog in a television commercial is enough to make him feel anxious and fearful. Based on classical conditioning principles, a behavioral therapist would suggest the unconditioned response behind Lester's phobia was what?

Back 15

the pain he experienced when the dog bit him

Front 16

When Tasha was only 9 years old, her two older brothers told her scary stories about vampires while she was in a dark room. As an adult, Tasha is still afraid of the dark. Based on classical conditioning principles, a behavioral therapist would suggest that the dark is acting as a _______ ________.

Back 16

conditioned stimulus

Front 17

When Willow was 5 years old, there was a thunderstorm one night. While Willow watched the "pretty" lightning in the sky, the storm sirens near her house went off and scared her. As an adult, she is still terrified of thunderstorms. Based on classical conditioning principles, a behavioral therapist would suggest the storm sirens that went off when Willow was 5 years old were an _________ ________.

Back 17

unconditioned stimulus

Front 18

what is tricyclics used to treat?

Back 18

depression

Front 19

what is cingulotomy used to treat?

Back 19

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Front 20

You make an appointment to see a therapist and, as you are waiting, you notice that a lot of the books on the therapist's shelves deal with the work of Sigmund Freud. You might expect that this therapist will what?

Back 20

emphasize the need to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness

Front 21

When did modern drug therapy begin?

Back 21

1950s

Front 22

The benzodiazepines are examples of what drugs?

Back 22

antianxiety drugs

Front 23

Dopamine antagonist antipsychotic medications are affective primarily for reducing the ________ symptoms of ___________.

Back 23

positive
schizophrenia

Front 24

May suddenly began to forget her appointments, to misplace her dream diary, and to be unwilling to talk during her therapy sessions. A psychoanalytic therapist would interpret her behavior as _________.

Back 24

resistance

Front 25

The side effects associated with serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) include what?

Back 25

agitation, weight gain, or reduced sexual desire

Front 26

Saul is taking lithium carbonate for a psychological disorder. The disorder is most likely _______ _______.

Back 26

Bipolar Disorder

Front 27

Ali is recovering from a cingulotomy. The outcome that might be expected is a reduction of what?

Back 27

Obsessive-Compulsive behavior

Front 28

In hopes of discovering clues to the contents of the unconscious mind, Ed’s therapist had him relax and say anything that came to mind. This describes ___ _______.

Back 28

Free Association

Front 29

The idea that disorders develop because of irrational or overly negative beliefs is central to ________ ________.

Back 29

Cognitive Therapy

Front 30

Dee’s therapist strives to provide genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy. Dee’s therapist probably practices ________ ________ _________.

Back 30

Client-Centered Therapy

Front 31

Tim’s therapist isn’t “warm and fuzzy.” In fact, she is quite aggressive in confronting Tim when he makes an irrational statement like, “I’m a total failure, and there’s nothing I can do about it.” Tim’s therapist is using what?

Back 31

Ellis' Rational-emotive therapy

Front 32

Joe tends to shout and stare. Because Joe soon will leave the hospital, his therapist is using rewards, modeling and role-playing to teach him to interact more appropriately. In other words, he is applying _______ ______ ________.

Back 32

Social Skills Training

Front 33

Systematic desensitization is most likely to be used by a therapist who believes phobias are ________ _____ _________.

Back 33

Learned Fear Responses

Front 34

Some pedophiles have been given therapy that includes pairing child pornography with shock in an attempt to condition an unpleasant response to sexual thought about children. This is an example of _________ ________.

Back 34

Aversion Therapy

Front 35

The Philadelphia study of the effectiveness of therapy found people who got therapy of any type were better after _____ months than people put on waiting lists.

Back 35

Four

Front 36

Spontaneous remission of psychological problems occurs about 30% of the time. This means the disorder ______ _____ _______.

Back 36

improved without treatment.

Front 37

Smith’s early meta-analytic study found the average therapy client was better off than ____% of the people who did not get therapy.

Back 37

80%

Front 38

All therapies allow greater personal insight or understanding about the disorder. This common factor is a _______ _______.

Back 38

learning factor

Front 39

Emma, age 14, is depressed. Her therapist believes that not only Emma should receive therapy but also her parents and siblings. Emma’s therapist is probably a ________ _______.

Back 39

family therapist

Front 40

Soren had always been on good terms with his therapist, but recently he became hostile, started accusing her of wanting to run his life, and said she was never satisfied. He even referred to her as “mother” once. Soren’s therapist saw this as a sign that the cause of Soren’s problems was nearing consciousness. In psychoanalytic theory, Soren’s behavior represents ___________.

Back 40

transference

Front 41

For patients with schizophrenia, what will a psychiatrist most likely prescribe to reduce the hallucinations and delusions?

Back 41

An Antipsychotic Drug

Front 42

Tardive dyskinesia, a neuromuscular disorder, is a side effect associated with what?

Back 42

Long term chlorpromazine use

Front 43

Flora is taking a drug that slows the reuptake of serotonin. This drug is most likely an ________ drug like Prozac.

Back 43

Antidepressant

Front 44

Snooping in the medicine cabinet of a friend, you see a bottle of Xanax, a benzodiazepine drug. You should suspect your friend is being treated for __________ _______ _______.

Back 44

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Front 45

As a result of treatment in 1946 for a violent psychological disorder, Craig is calm, but he has cognitive deficits, including the inability to plan and coordinate actions. The treatment probably was a _______ _________.

Back 45

Prefrontal Lobotomy

Front 46

______ _____ works by some yet-to-be determined action.

Back 46

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Front 47

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most likely to be prescribed when a person what?

Back 47

fails to respond to antidepressant drugs

Front 48

How does modern psychodynamic therapy differ from classical psychoanalysis?

Back 48

Psychodynamic therapy is usually briefer.

Front 49

Kim’s therapist is very nonjudgmental and merely reflects back what Kim says. Kim’s therapist is a _______ _____ _________.

Back 49

Client-centered therapist

Front 50

Dr. Yi believes that psychological problems are the result of anxieties caused by the personal choices people must make during their lifetimes, and that a goal of therapy is to accept responsibility for those decisions. This approach represents __________ _________.

Back 50

Existential therapy

Front 51

Ron’s therapist wants Ron to discover his irrational beliefs. She asked him to keep track of his thoughts and feelings throughout the day, and each night to write rational responses to those thoughts. This perspective and “homework” is common in _______ _______ ________.

Back 51

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Front 52

The goal of _______ ______ is to help the client gain insight into his or her self-worth and value as a person.

Back 52

Humanistic Therapy

Front 53

Dan’s therapist is never critical and is always accepting and respectful of him. His therapist is showing _______ ______ _______.

Back 53

Unconditional Positive Regard

Front 54

Sabeen is trying to maintain a state of deep muscle relaxation as she works through her anxiety hierarchy. This represents _________ ________ _________.

Back 54

Systematic Desensitization Therapy

Front 55

What is most likely to occur if aversion therapy is ended too soon?

Back 55

the aversive response will extinguish.

Front 56

At Riverside Psychiatric Hospital, patients are given a ticket each time they engage in certain desirable behaviors (e.g., dressing appropriately, taking medications). The tickets are exchanged later for snacks or various special activities. This describes a _______ _________.

Back 56

Token Economy

Front 57

Ida is in psychodynamic therapy, Jo is in behavioral therapy, and Vi is not in therapy. We should expect what?

Back 57

Jo and Ida will show equal improvement, and Vi may improve, but not as quickly.

Front 58

____________ use physiological interventions to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders.

Back 58

Biomedical therapies

Front 59

_____________ acts as a dopamine _________, meaning that it blocks or slows down the use of dopamine in the brain.

Back 59

chlorpromazine
antagonist

Front 60

Why is ECT controversial? 4 reasons

Back 60

1. not certain why it works
2. causes confusion or loss of memory
3. relatively high relapse could cause a depressive episode
4. might cause permanent brain damage

Front 61

What is psychosurgery?

Back 61

surgery that destroys or alters tissue in the brain in an effort to affect behavior.

Front 62

In a cingulotomy surgery, what happens?

Back 62

surgery destroys a small portion of tissue in the limbic system of the brain.

Front 63

_____________ are designed to give clients self-knowledge, or insight, into the content of their thought processes, usually through extensive one on one verbal interactions.

Back 63

insight therapies

Front 64

What is dream analysis?

Back 64

a technique used in psychoanalysis, Freud believed that dreams are symbolic and contain important information about the unconscious.

Front 65

Why would people try to resist or block their own therapy?

Back 65

hidden conflicts are anxiety provoking, so the patient uses defense mechanisms to reduce the anxiety.

Front 66

When does transference occur?

Back 66

When a patient starts to express thoughts or feelings toward the therapist that are actually representative of the way the patient feels about other significant people in his or her life.

Front 67

_____________ place a greater emphasis on the conscious belief and assume that irrational beliefs and negative thoughts are primarily responsible for psychological disorder. If the negative thoughts are changed, the psychological disorder will change.

Back 67

cognitive therapies

Front 68

When the client firmly believes things must be a particular way or something awful or catastrophic will happen Ellis refers to this as _________.

Back 68

Musterbation

Front 69

In __________________ the therapist acts as an adviser, or co-investigator, helping clients discover their own unique kinds of faulty beliefs.

Back 69

Beck's Cognitive therapy

Front 70

__________ places the burden of treatment in the hands of a "naturally good" client, but the approach is far less gentle and non-directive than client-centered therapy. Clients are actively encouraged and even forced to express their feelings openly.

Back 70

Gestalt Therapy

Front 71

_______________ are designed to change unwanted or maladaptive behavior through the application of basic learning principles.

Back 71

behavioral therapies

Front 72

__________________ uses counterconditioning as a way of reducing the fear and anxiety that have become associated with a specific object or event.

Back 72

Systematic desensitization

Front 73

When the therapist attempts to replace the negative association with something relaxing and pleasurable. it involves 3 major steps what are they?

Back 73

1. anxiety hierarchy - which is an ordered list of situations that lead to fearful reactions.
2. spends time teaching the client ways to achieve deep muscle relaxation.
3. work through the anxiety hierarchy forming an image of each of the scenes while maintaining the state of relaxation.

Front 74

_____________ is when the therapist tries to replace a pleasant reaction to a harmful stimulus with something unpleasant such as making the client feel bad rather than good after smoking a cigarette or having a drink of alcohol.

Back 74

Aversion Therapy

Front 75

What are the three side effects of punishment?

Back 75

1. It can damage the relationship between the therapist and the client.
2. It only teaches someone what not to do, it doesn't teach someone how to act.
3. raises ethical concerns.

Front 76

________________ is improvement in the absence of treatment and is estimated that they improve 30% of the time.

Back 76

spontaneous remission

Front 77

What are the three common nonspecific factors shared by all therapies?

Back 77

support factors
learning factors
action factors