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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The experiments with nutritional mutants in Neurospora by Beadle and Tatum provide evidence that |
genes specify enzymes |
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology? |
Information passes from DNA to RNA to protein. |
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In the genetic code, one codon.. |
consist of three bases and specifies more than one amino acid. |
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Eukaryotic transcription differs from prokaryotic in that |
eukaryotes have three RNA polymerase |
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An anticodon would be found on which of the following of RNA? |
tRNA |
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RNA polymerase binds to a .......... to initiate.......... |
promoter; transcription |
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During translation, the codon in mRNA is actually read by |
the anticodon in a tRNA |
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You have mutants that all affect the same biochemical pathway. If feeding an intermediate in the pathway supports growth, this tells you that the enzyme encoded by the affected gene.. |
acts before the intermediate used. |
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The splicing process.. |
can produce multiplie mRNA from the same transcript |
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The enzyme that forms peptide bonds is called the peptidyl transferase because it transfers |
the growing peptide from the tRNA to the next amino acid. |
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In comparing gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
both produce mRNAs that are colinear with the protein. and eukaryotic genes can produce more than one protein. |
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The codon CCA could be mutated to produce |
a silent mutation. |
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An inversion will.. |
only cause a mutant phenotype if the inversion breakpoints fall within a gene |
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What is the relationship between mutations and evolution? |
Mutations can create new alleles. |
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In prokaryotes, control of gene expression usually occurs at the |
initiation of transcription |
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Regulatory proteins interact with DNA by |
binding to the major groove to the double helix and interacting with the base-pairs. |
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In. E Coli, induction in the Lac operon and repression in the trp operon are both examples of |
negative control by a repressor |
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The Lac operon is controlled by two main proteins. These proteins.. |
act in the opposite fashion, one negative and one positive. |
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In eukaryotes, binding of the RNA polymerase to a promoter requires the action of |
general transcription factors. |
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In eukaryotes, the regulation of a gene expression occurs |
at the level of transcription initiation, or posttranscriptionally. |
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in the trp operon, the repressor binds to DNA.. |
in the presence of trp. |
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The lac repressor, the trp repressor and the CAP are called |
allosteric proteins that bind to DNA and an effector |
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Specific transcription factors in the eukaryotes interact with enhancers, which may be a long distance away from the promotoer. These transcription factors then |
can interact with the transcription apparatus via DNA looping. |
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Repression in the trp operon and the induction in the lac operon are both mechanisms that |
allow the cell to control the level of enzymes to fit environmental conditions. |
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Regulation by small RNAs and alternative splicing are similar in that both |
act after transcription and act via RNA/ protein complexes. |
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Eukaryotic mRNAs differ from prokaryotic mRNAs in that they |
are not colinear with the genes that encode them. |
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In the cell cycle, cyclin proteins are produced in concert with the cycle. This likely involves |
control of initiation of transcription of the cyclin genes, and ubiquitination of cyclin proteins. |
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A mechanism of control in E Coli not discussed in this chapter involves pausing of ribosomes allowing a transcription terminator to form in the mRNA. In eukarkyotic fission yeast, this mechanism should.. |
not occur as transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. |
