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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
semi-conservative replication
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each daughter duplex contains one strand from each parental DNA
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conservative replication
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one daughter duplex is only parental DNA and the other is only newly synthesized DNA
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dispersive replication
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parental strands are fragmented and new strands are synthesized from them in fragments. Then they join together as a mix.
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Bidirectional duplication
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bacterial replication (on a circular chromosome)
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gyrase
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bacterial protein that overcomes unwinding problem by breaking and rejoining tightly coiled strand ahead of replication fork relieving tension
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topoisomerase I/II
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eukaryotic protein that overcomes unwinding problem by breaking and rejoining tightly coiled strand ahead of replication fork relieving tension.
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DNA polymerase
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synthesizes new DNA, requires a single stranded template and a primer
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okazaki fragments
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short strands on lagging strand
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polymerase delta or sometime e
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type of DNA polymerase in eukaryotic replication
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polymerase III
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type of DNA polymerase in bacterial replication
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primase
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initiates the synthesis of leading and lagging strands by placing RNA primers (in both bacterial and eukaryotes)
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polymerase I
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removes RNA primers in bacteria, and fills gap with DNA
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DNA ligase
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seals okazaki fragments into a continuous strand (both bacterial and eukaryotic)
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primosome
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is made up of helicase and primase
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helicase
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moves along DNA catalyzing the ATP-driven unwinding of duplex.
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Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs)
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keeps the unwound DNA from reforming
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5' to 3' exonuclease function
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removes 10 nucleotides from 5' end which is key to removing RNA primer
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3' to 5' exonuclease function
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removes mispaired nucleotides from 3' end of growing DNA and is key to maintaing accuracy of DNA synthesis.
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B (beta) sliding clamp
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present in bacterial cells and allows DNA polymerase III to cycle on lagging strand. DNA polymerase III jumps clamp to clamp after each okazaki fragment is finished
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DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (replisome) is made up of
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two core polymerases which replicate DNA, two t-subunits which hold the core polymerases in the complex, two or more beta clamps allowing polymerase to stay on DNA, and a clamp loading (gamma) complex which loads each sliding clamp onto DNA.
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autonomous replicating sequences (ARSs)
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located in yeast and are sequences that promote replication
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Origin recognition complex (ORC)
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recognition of origin of replication (eukaryotes)
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DnaA
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recognition of origin of replication (bacteria)
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Mcm (licensing factor)
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involved in the steps leading to replication in eukaryotes, binds to origin during or following mitosis. IS A DNA HELICASE THAT UNWINDS PARENTAL DUPLEX (eukaryotes)
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DnaB
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DNA helicase that unwinds praental duplex (bacterial)
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RFC
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protein that loads the PCNA clamp onto the DNA (eukaryotes)
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PCNA
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ring-shaped subunit that clamps replicating polymerase to DNA (eukaryotes).
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RPA
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maintains DNA in a single-stranded state (eukaryotes)
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Fen-1
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removes RNA primers (eukaryotes)
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DnaC
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loads helicase onto DNA (only in bacteria, not sure what does in eukaryotes)
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replication foci
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localized sites in nucleus for replication activities
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nucleosome
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repeating subunit of chromatin, consists of DNA chain coiled around a core of histones
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nuclease
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a repair enzyme that recognizes a mismatched base pair by difference in geometry
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XPC protein
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damage recognition in global pathway is mediated by this protein (N.E.R.)
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CSB protein (cockayne syndrome B)
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damage recognition in the transcription-coupled pathway is mediated by this protein and a stalled RNA polymerase
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XPB and XPD proteins
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two helicase subunits of TFIIH and separate DNA strands (specifically in Nucelotide excision repair)
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XPG
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incision on 3' side during nucleotide excision repair
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XPF-ERRCC1 complex
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incision on 5' side during nucleotide excision repair
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DNA glycosylase
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initiates base excision repair by recognizing a mismatched base and cleaving the glycosidic bond holding the base to the sugar moiety.
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endonuclease in base excision repair
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performs the excision of deoxyribose phosphate
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phosphodiesterase activity in B.E.R.
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removes sugar-phosphate remnant
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polymerase B in B.E.R.
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fills in the gap by inserting complementary nucleotide
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DNA ligase III
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sealing step in B.E.R.
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DNA ligase I
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sealing step in N.E.R.
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Ku protein
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detects lesion in double-strand breaks and binds to the broken ends of DNA
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DNA-PKcs
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works with Ku protein to bring broken strands of DNA back together for DNA ligase to seal back together.
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