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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Interphase
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90% of cell cycle
growth and DNA relication can be divided into subphases: G1, S, G2 |
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G1 phase "first gap"
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a cell grows
chromosome consists of long, thin chromatin fibers made of DNA and associated protein RNA molecules are being transcribed from genes that are switched on |
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S phase (synthesis of DNA)
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cell continues to grow as it copies its chromosomes
chromosome is replicated 2 exact copies (aka sister chromatids) are produced and held together by proteins along their length growth continues |
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G2 phase "second gap"
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prepares for cell division
growth continues last part of interphase |
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Mitosis
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cell division
mitosis divides the nucleus and distributes its chromosomes to the daughter nuclei can be divided into subphases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
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Prophase
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changes occur in nucleus and cytoplasm
in nucleus: chromatids become tightly coiled and folded and chromosomes are observable with light microscope nucleoli disappears in cytoplasm: mitotic spindle forms and centrosomes move away from each other |
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Prometaphase
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nuclear envelope fragments
kinetochore fibers from opposite ends of the mitotic spindle atach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids chromosome moves toward midline |
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Genome
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a cell's endowment of DNA
it's genetic information |
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Somatic Cells
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all body cells except the reproductive cells
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Gametes
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sperm cells and egg cells (half as many chromosomes as somatic cells)
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Chromatin
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DNA-protein complex organized into a long, thin fiber
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Sister Chromatids
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replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II
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Centromere
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the narrow "waist"
the centralized region joining two sister chromatids |
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Mitosis
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division of the nucleus
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Cytokinesis
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division of the cytoplasm
in animal cells: cytokinesis involves formation of a cleavage furrow (pinches cell in two) |
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Aster
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"stars"
microtubules extend from centrosomes in radial arrays |
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Kinetochore
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a specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
protein and DNA structure in regoin of centromere where microtubules attach contains motor proteins |
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Metaphase
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centromeres of the chromosme is aligned at the metaphase plate along with the centromeres of the other chromosomes
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Metaphase Plate
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an imaginary plane that is equidistanat between the spindle's two poles
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Anaphase
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the sister chromatids (now considered to be individual chromosomes) separate and move to opposite poles
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Telophase
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chromatin fiber of chromosome uncoils and is surrounded by re-forming nuclear membrane
nonkinetochore microtubules elongate cell more and daughter nuclei form at the two poles of the cell |
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Nonkinetochore microtubules
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push poles apart by sliding past microtubules from the opposite pole
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Kinetochore Microtubules
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move chromosomes to metaphase plate and separate chromosmes as motor proteins of kinetochores "walk" toward the pole and the microtubules disassemble
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Centrosome and centrioles
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region of mitotic spindle formation
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