Chapter 12-14 Nervous System

Front 1

Action Potential

Back 1

the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.

Front 2

Central Nerve System

Back 2

the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord.

Front 3

Depolarization

Back 3

loss of polarization especially : loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior

Front 4

Medulla Oblongta

Back 4

the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs.

Front 5

Myelin

Back 5

a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted.

Front 6

Neurotransmitter

Back 6

a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.

Front 7

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 7

the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

Front 8

Repolarization

Back 8

the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value.

Front 9

Synapse

Back 9

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

Front 10

Afferent Division

Back 10

Consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body.

Front 11

Cerebellum

Back 11

the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.

Front 12

Efferent Division

Back 12

Consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body. Term. Efferent Division. Definition. Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs, which are the muscles and glands.

Front 13

Efferent Division

Back 13

Consists of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located throughout the body. Term. Efferent Division. Definition. Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs, which are the muscles and glands.

Front 14

Meninge (Spinal/Cranial)

Back 14

the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord.

Front 15

Neuroglia

Back 15

Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons.

Front 16

Neuroglia

Back 16

Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons.

Front 17

Nodes (of Ranvier)

Back 17

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.

Front 18

Pons

Back 18

the part of the brainstem that links the medulla oblongata and the thalamus.

Front 19

Saltatory Propagation

Back 19

Saltatory conduction (from the Latin saltare, to hop or leap) is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials.

Front 20

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 20

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.

Front 21

Cerebrum

Back 21

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

Front 22

Cerebrum

Back 22

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

Front 23

Hyperpolarization

Back 23

decrease in potential; membrane less negative) return to resting potential.

Front 24

Cerebrum

Back 24

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

Front 25

Hyperpolarization

Back 25

decrease in potential; membrane less negative) return to resting potential.

Front 26

Meningitis

Back 26

inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions, delirium, and death.

Front 27

Cerebrum

Back 27

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

Front 28

Hyperpolarization

Back 28

decrease in potential; membrane less negative) return to resting potential.

Front 29

Meningitis

Back 29

inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions, delirium, and death.

Front 30

Neuron

Back 30

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

Front 31

Parasympathetic Division

Back 31

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

Front 32

Parasympathetic Division

Back 32

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

Front 33

Reflex

Back 33

an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought.

Front 34

Parasympathetic Division

Back 34

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

Front 35

Reflex

Back 35

an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought.

Front 36

Sympathetic Division

Back 36

The autonomic nervous system also has two divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. These two divisions have antagonistic (opposing) effects on the internal organs they innervate (send nerves to = act on). The sympathetic division, shown at the left, is the emergency system.