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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What do Haemophilus, Bordetella, and Legionella have in common?
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Gram (-) rods, all acquired through the respiratory tract
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What are two important factors in how H.flu causes disease?
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Polysaccharide capsule confers virulence. Antibodies to the capsule are lacking in infants and children between 6 months and 3 years of age.
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List the diseases that can be caused by H. influenza type b (Hib)?
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Meningitis
Acute epiglottitis Septic arthritis Sepsis |
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What do Haemophilus, Bordetella, and Legionella have in common?
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Gram (-) rods, all acquired through the respiratory tract
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What is the problem with treating Hib meningitis with antibiotics? Solution?
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The release of cellular antigens (like endotoxin) from lysed bacteria results in a violent immune response that can further destroy neurons. Potential solution is treatment with steroids 20 minutes prior to antibx
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What are the drugs of choice for serious Hib infections? For less serious infections?
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3rd generation cephalosporins.
Ampicillin or amoxicillin. |
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What are two important factors in how H.flu causes disease?
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Polysaccharide capsule confers virulence. Antibodies to the capsule are lacking in infants and children between 6 months and 3 years of age.
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Which species causes the STD chancroid? Clinical syx?
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Haemophilus ducreyi. Painful genital ulcer, unilateral painful swollen inguinal lymph nodes in 50%
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List the diseases that can be caused by H. influenza type b (Hib)?
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Meningitis
Acute epiglottitis Septic arthritis Sepsis |
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What do Haemophilus, Bordetella, and Legionella have in common?
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Gram (-) rods, all acquired through the respiratory tract
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What is the diff dx for genital ulcers?
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1) Syphilis
2) Herpes 3) Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia) 4) Haemophilus ducreyi |
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What are two important factors in how H.flu causes disease?
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Polysaccharide capsule confers virulence. Antibodies to the capsule are lacking in infants and children between 6 months and 3 years of age.
|
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What is the problem with treating Hib meningitis with antibiotics? Solution?
|
The release of cellular antigens (like endotoxin) from lysed bacteria results in a violent immune response that can further destroy neurons. Potential solution is treatment with steroids 20 minutes prior to antibx
|
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List the diseases that can be caused by H. influenza type b (Hib)?
|
Meningitis
Acute epiglottitis Septic arthritis Sepsis |
|
What are the drugs of choice for serious Hib infections? For less serious infections?
|
3rd generation cephalosporins.
Ampicillin or amoxicillin. |
|
What is the problem with treating Hib meningitis with antibiotics? Solution?
|
The release of cellular antigens (like endotoxin) from lysed bacteria results in a violent immune response that can further destroy neurons. Potential solution is treatment with steroids 20 minutes prior to antibx
|
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Which species causes the STD chancroid? Clinical syx?
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Haemophilus ducreyi. Painful genital ulcer, unilateral painful swollen inguinal lymph nodes in 50%
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What are the drugs of choice for serious Hib infections? For less serious infections?
|
3rd generation cephalosporins.
Ampicillin or amoxicillin. |
|
What is the diff dx for genital ulcers?
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1) Syphilis
2) Herpes 3) Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia) 4) Haemophilus ducreyi |
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Which species causes the STD chancroid? Clinical syx?
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Haemophilus ducreyi. Painful genital ulcer, unilateral painful swollen inguinal lymph nodes in 50%
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How is chancroid treated?
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Erythromycin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
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What is the diff dx for genital ulcers?
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1) Syphilis
2) Herpes 3) Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia) 4) Haemophilus ducreyi |
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How is chancroid treated?
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Erythromycin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
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How is chancroid treated?
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Erythromycin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
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What organism causes whooping cough? Where do you see the majority of these cases today?
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Bordetella pertussis. Unimmunized infants younger than 1 year and young adults, because the vaccine only provides protection for about 15 years.
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What organism causes whooping cough? Where do you see the majority of these cases today?
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Bordetella pertussis. Unimmunized infants younger than 1 year and young adults, because the vaccine only provides protection for about 15 years.
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List the stages of disease with Bordetella pertussis?
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1. 1-week incubation
2. Catarrhal stage ( similar to an upper respiratory tract infection) 3. Paroxysmal stage (Bursts of nonproductive cough, inspiratory gasp, vomiting) 4. Convalescent stage |
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What organism causes whooping cough? Where do you see the majority of these cases today?
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Bordetella pertussis. Unimmunized infants younger than 1 year and young adults, because the vaccine only provides protection for about 15 years.
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List the stages of disease with Bordetella pertussis?
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1. 1-week incubation
2. Catarrhal stage ( similar to an upper respiratory tract infection) 3. Paroxysmal stage (Bursts of nonproductive cough, inspiratory gasp, vomiting) 4. Convalescent stage |
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List the stages of disease with Bordetella pertussis?
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1. 1-week incubation
2. Catarrhal stage ( similar to an upper respiratory tract infection) 3. Paroxysmal stage (Bursts of nonproductive cough, inspiratory gasp, vomiting) 4. Convalescent stage |
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Describe the WBC profile of whooping cough?
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High lymphocytes, only moderate increase in neuts. (looks more like a viral picture)
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Describe treatment, prophylaxis for whooping cough?
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Primarily supportive. Erythromycin may prevent disease in the early stages. DPT vaccination is effective.
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Describe Legionella pneumophila? How does it cause infection?
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Aerobic gram-negative rod, ubiquitous in water environments. Aerosolized contaminated water is inhaled. Facultative intraceelular parasite that settles in the lower respiratory tract.
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What diseases can Legionella cause?
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1. Asymptomatic infection
2. Pontiac fever 3. Legionnaires' disease |
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Pontiac fever has a clinical profile similar to...?
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Influenza
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Describe Legionnaires' disease?
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High fevers, severe pneumonia. One of the most common causes of community acquired pneumonia, but rarely diagnosed correctly.
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What are the risk groups for Legionnaires' disease? Treatment?
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Patients over 50 who are smokers or whose sputum gram stain reveals neutrophils and very few organisms (Legionella is really small). Treat with erythromycin.
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