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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Culture Poverty |
The argument that poor people adopt certain practices that differ from those of middle-class, "mainstream" society in order to adapt and survive in difficult economic circumstances. |
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Underclass |
the notion, building on the culture of poverty argument, that the poor not only are different from mainstream society in their inability to take advantage of what society has to offer, but also are increasingly deviant and even dangerous to the rest of us. |
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Perverse incentives |
Reward structures that lead to suboptimal outcomes by stimulating counterproductive behavior; for example, welfare- to the extent that it discourages work efforts- is argued to have perverse incentives. |
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Absolute poverty |
the point at which a household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its member. |
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Relative poverty |
A measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the median income in a given location. |
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Parenting stress hypothesis |
A paradigm in which low income, unstable employment, a lack of cultural resources, and a feeling of inferiority from social class comparisons exacerbate household stress levels; this stress, in turn, leads to detrimental parenting practices such as yelling and hitting, which are not conductive to healthy child development. |
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Endogamy |
Marriage to someone within one's social group. |
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Exogamy |
Marriage to someone outside one's social group. |
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Monogamy |
The practice of having only one sexual partner or spouse at a time. |
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Polygamy |
The practice of having more than one sexual partner or spouse at a time. |
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Polyandry |
The practice of having multiple husbands simultaneously. |
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Polygyny |
The practice of having multiple wives simultaneously. |
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Nuclear family |
Familial form consisting of a father, a mother, and their children. |
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Extended family |
Kin networks that extend outside or beyond the nuclear family. |
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Cohabitation |
Living together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning. |
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Kinship networks |
Strings of relationships between people related by blood and co-residence (that is, marriage). |
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Cult of domesticity |
The notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibility and child rearing. |
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Second shift |
Women's responsibility for housework and child care- everything from cooking dinner to doing laundry, bathing children, reading bedtime stories, and sewing Halloween costumes. |
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Miscegenation |
The technical term fro interracial marriage, literally meaning "a mixing of kinds"; because the term is politically and historically charged, sociologists generally prefer exogamy or outmarriage. |