Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ABA (own-control) research
|
A skinnerian variant of the experimental method consisting of exposing one subject to three experimental phases: (A) a baseline period, (B) introduction of reinforcers to change the frequency of specific behaviors, and (A) withdrawal of reinforcement and observation of whether the behaviors return to their earlier frequency (baseline period).
|
|
ABC assessment
|
In behavioral assessment, an emphasis on the identification of antecedent (A) events and the consequences (C) of behavior, and (B) a functional analysis of behavior involving identification of the environmental conditions that regulate specific behaviors.
|
|
Behavioral Assessment
|
the emphasis in assessment on specific behaviors that are tied to defined situational characteristics (e.g., ABC approach).
|
|
Behaviorism
|
an approach within psychology, developed by Watson, that restricts investigation to overt, observable behavior.
|
|
Classical Conditioning
|
a process, emphasized by Pavlov, in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response because of its association with a stimulus that automatically produces the same or similar response.
|
|
conditional emotional reaction
|
Watson and Rayner's term for the development of an emotional reaction to a previously neutral stimulus, as in Little Albert's fear of rats
|
|
Discrimination
|
In conditioning, the differential response to stimuli depending on whether they have been associated with pleasure, pain, or neutral events.
|
|
Extinction
|
In conditioning, the progressive weakening of the association between a stimulus and a response; in classical conditioning because the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus; and in operant conditioning because the response is no longer followed by reinforcement
|
|
Functional analysis
|
In behavioral approaches, particularly Skinnerian, the identification of the environmental stimuli that control behavior
|
|
Generalization
|
in conditioning, the association of a response with stimuli similar to the stimulus to which the response was originally conditioned or attached.
|
|
Generalized reinforcer
|
In Skinner's operant conditioning theory, a reinforcer that provides access to many other reinforcers (e.g, money).
|
|
Maladaptive response
|
In the Skinnerian view of psychopathology, the learning of a response that is maladaptive or not considered acceptable by people in the environment
|
|
Operant Conditioning
|
Skinner's term for the process through which the characteristics of a response are determined by its consequences
|
|
Operants
|
In Skinner's theory, behaviors that appear (are emitted) without being specifically associated with any prior (eliciting) stimuli and are studied in relation to the reinforcing events that follow them.
|
|
Reinforcer
|
An event (stimulus) that follows a response and increases the probability of its occurence
|
|
Sample approach
|
Mischel's description of assessment approaches in which there is an interest in the behavior itself and its relation to environmental conditions, in contrast to sign approaches that infer personality from test behavior
|
|
Schedule of reinforcement
|
In skinner's operant conditioning theory, the rate and interval of reinforcement of responses (e.g., response ratio schedule and time intervals).
|
|
Sign Approach
|
Mischel's description of assessment approaches that infer personality from test behavior, in contrast with sample approaches to assessment.
|
|
Situational specificity
|
The emphasis on behavior as varying according to the situation, as opposed to the emphasis by trait theorists on consistency in behavior across situations.
|
|
Successive Approximaton
|
In Skinner's operant conditioning theory, the development of complex behaviors through the reinforcement of behaviors that increasingly resemble the final form of behavior to be produced.
|
|
Systematic desensitization
|
A technique in behavior therapy in which a competing response (relaxation) is conditioned to stimuli that previously aroused anxiety
|
|
Target behaviors (target responses)
|
In behavioral assessment, the identification of specific behaviors to be observed and measured in relation to changes in environmental events.
|
|
Token economy
|
Following Skinner's operant conditioning theory, an environment in which individuals are rewarded with tokens for desirable behaviors.
|