Chapter 1 The Textile Industry

Front 1

APPAREL

Back 1

THE TEXTILES USED IN CLOTHING.

Front 2

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS

Back 2

THE TEXTILES USED IN FURNITURE, BATH, KITCHEN AND BED.

Front 3

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

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THE TEXTILES USED IN SUCH ITEMS AS LUGGAGE, FLAGS, BOAT SAILS, BANDAGES, DUST FILTERS, AND SO ON.

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FIBER

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THE SMALLEST PART OF THE FABRIC.

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YARN

Back 5

CONTINUOUS THREADLIKE STRANDS COMPOSED OF FIBERS THAT HAVE BEEN TWISTED TOGETHER.

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FABRIC

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MADE FROM YARNS AND ARE EITHER WOVEN OR KNITTED.

Front 7

DYEING

Back 7

THE PROCESS FOR IMPARTING A SOLID COLOR TO TEXTILES (BLUE, GREEN, RED, ETC.).

Front 8

PRINTING

Back 8

THE PROCESS OF IMPARTING DESIGNS TO TEXTILES (DOTS, FLORALS, STRIPES, ETC.).

Front 9

PUT-UP

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TO INDICATE THE WAY FABRIC IS PACKAGED WHEN IT IS SOLD.

Front 10

REMNANTS

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1- TO 10- YARD PIECES OF CLOTH.

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POUND GOODS

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USUALLY VERY SHORT PIECES OF FABRIC (OFTEN CONTAINING PIECES OF LESS THAN ONE YARD IN LENGTH); THEY ARE SOLD BY POUND AND NOT BY THE YARD.

Front 12

MILL

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A COMPANY THAT OWNS TEXTILE MACHINERY AND MAKES FABRIC.

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VERTICALLY INTEGRATED MILL

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NOT ONLY DO THEY MAKE THE FABRIC, BUT ALSO PRODUCE THEIR OWN YARN AND PERFORM THE FINISHING PROCESSES REQUIRED AFTER THE FABRIC HAS BEEN CREATED.

Front 14

JOBBERS

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HELP DISPOSE OF EXCESS OR SURPLUS MERCHANDISE FOR THE MILL.

Front 15

CONVERTER

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AN INDIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION THAT BUYS GREIGE GOODS.

Front 16

GREIGE

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UNFINISHED FABRICS.

Front 17

IMPORTER

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BUYS FABRIC OR MANUFACTURED TEXTILE PRODUCTS FROM A FOREIGN MILL OR OTHER SUPPLIER AND BRINGS IT INTO THE UNITED STATES.

Front 18

SEWN PRODUCTS

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CLOTHING, SOFT LUGGAGE, ETC.

Front 19

OVERRUN

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OCCURS WHEN A MILL PRODUCES MORE DYED, PRINTED, OR FINISHED FABRIC THAN THE ORDER SPECIFIES.

Front 20

RETAIL

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HAVE LARGE VARIETY OF FABRICS, WITH A SMALL INVENTORY OF EACH ONE.

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OVER-THE-COUNTER

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WHEN HOME SEWERS PURCHASE FABRICS SOLD IN RETAIL STORES.

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OVERSEES AGENT

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ALSO CALLED AN INTERMEDIARY, IS A PERSON OR COMPANY THAT REPRESENTS AN EXPORTER OR IMPORTER IN THE COUNTRIES OVERSEAS WHERE IT CONDUCTS BUSINESS.

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FINISHED GOODS

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MUST FIRST BE APPROVED BY THE BUYER BEFORE PROCEEDING TO THE SEWN PRODUCT MANUFACTURE STAGE.

Front 24

PRIVATE LABEL

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A RETAIL BRAND IN WHICH APPAREL OR OTHER SEWN PRODUCTS ARE MANUFACTURED SPECIFICALLY FOR A RETAILER AND SOLD EXCLUSIVELY BY THAT RETAILER.

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EXCLUSIVE BRAND

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ALSO KNOWN AS A CAPTIVE BRAND, IS A NATIONAL BRAND WITH DISTRIBUTION THROUGH ONE RETAILER.

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SOURCING

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A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF PRIVATE-LABEL TEXTILE SALES TO RETAILERS INVOLVES IMPORTED GOODS THAT USE BOTH FABRICS AND SEWING SERVICES FROM SOURCES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES.

Front 27

MARKET PLANNING

Back 27

LONG-RANGE PLANNING.

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RECYCLING

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LARGE COMPONENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT TO REDUCE ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE.

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FAIR TRADE

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USED TO INDICATE THAT A PRODUCT WAS PRODUCED WITHOUT LABOR EXPLOITATION, BY USING ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES, AND THAT THE PRODUCERS RECEIVED FAIR PRICES FOR THEIR PRODUCTS.

Front 30

SHORTS

Back 30

PIECES OF FABRIC SHORTER THAN 40 YARDS IN LENGTH.

Front 31

ENVIRONMENT

Back 31

AIR AND WATER POLLUTION, DISPOSAL OF WASTE PRODUCTS, HEALTH OF WORKERS IN MILLS, AND POSSIBLE WATER POLLUTION FROM HOME LAUNDERING.

Front 32

NATURAL FIBER

Back 32

FIBERS THAT ARE FOUND IN NATURE.

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MANUFACTURED FIBERS

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FIBERS THAT ARE MANUFACTURED THROUGH THE USE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

Front 34

SPINNERETTE

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DEVICE USED TO FORM FILAMENTS.

Front 35

DRY SPINNING

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THE FIBER SOLUTION, MIXED WITH A SOLVENT, IS FORCED THROUGH THE SPINERRETTE IN WARM AIR. THE WARM AIR HELPS EVAPORATE THE SOLVENT, AND THE LIQUID STREAM THEN HARDENS. EX: ACETATE

Front 36

WET SPINNING

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THE SOLUTION IS FORCED THROUGH THE SPINNERETTE AND THEN INTO A LIQUID SOLUTION IN WHICH THE FIBER SOLUTION STREAMS HARDEN INTO CONTINUOUS FILAMENTS. EX: ACRYLIC

Front 37

MELT SPINNING

Back 37

A SOLID MATERIAL IS MELTED TO FORM A LIQUID SOLUTION THAT IS FORCED THROUGH THE SPINNERETTE AND INTO COOL AIR, WHERE THE LIQUID FIBER STREAMS HARDEN INTO CONTINUOUS FILAMENTS. EX: NYLON

Front 38

STAPLE FIBERS

Back 38

FIBERS WHOSE LENGTHS ARE MEASURED IN INCHES.

Front 39

FILAMENT FIBERS

Back 39

FIBERS OF LONGER LENGTH.

Front 40

CRIMP

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REFERS TO THE BENDS AND TWISTS ALONG THE LENGTH OF A FIBER.

Front 41

HYDROPHILIC

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ABSORBS WATER EASILY.

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THERMOPLASTIC

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ABLE TO BE MELTED

Front 43

FIBRILLATION

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THE FORMATION OF UNSIGHTLY SPLINTERS ON THE SURFACE OF THE FABRIC.

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ABRASION RESISTANCE

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THE ABILITY TO RESIST WEAR FROM RUBBING THAT CONTRIBUTES TO FABRIC DURABILITY.

Front 45

ABSORBENCY

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THE ABILITY TO TAKE IN MOISTURE.

Front 46

HYDROPHOBIC

Back 46

FIBERS THAT HAVE DIFFICULTY ABSORBING WATER AND ARE ONLY ABLE TO ABSORB SMALL AMOUNTS.

Front 47

HYGROSCOPIC

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ABSORB MOISTURE WITHOUT FEELING DAMP.

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COVER

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THE ABILITY TO OCCUPY AN AREA.

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ELASTICITY

Back 49

THE ABILITY TO INCREASE IN LENGTH WHEN UNDER TENSION (ELONGATION) AND THEN RETURN TO THE ORIGINAL LENGTH WHEN RELEASED (RECOVERY).

Front 50

FLAMMABILITY

Back 50

THE ABILITY TO IGNITE OR BURN.

Front 51

FLEXIBILITY

Back 51

THE CAPABILITY OF A FIBER TO BEND EASILY AND REPEATEDLY WITHOUT BREAKING.

Front 52

FLAMMABLE FIBERS

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RELATIVELY EASY TO IGNITE AND SUSTAIN COMBUSTION.

Front 53

FLAME-RESISTANT FIBERS

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HAVE A RELATIVELY HIGH IGNITION TEMPERATURE AND SLOW RATE OF BURNING.

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FLAMEPROOF FIBERS

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WILL NOT BURN.

Front 55

HAND

Back 55

THE WAY A FIBER, YARN, OR FABRIC FEELS WHEN HANDLED.

Front 56

LUSTER

Back 56

REFERS TO THE LIGHT REFLECTED FROM A SURFACE.

Front 57

PILLING

Back 57

THE FORMATION OF GROUPS OF SHORT OR BROKEN FIBERS ON THE SURFACE OF A FABRIC THAT ARE TANGLED TOGETHER IN THE SHAPE OF A TINY BALL CALLED A PILL.

Front 58

RESILIENCY

Back 58

THE CAPABILITY OF A MATERIAL TO SPRING BACK TO SHAPE AFTER BEING ERASED, TWISTED, OR DISTORTED.

Front 59

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Back 59

THE RATIO OF THE MASS OF THE FIBER TO AN EQUAL VOLUME OF WATER AT 4 DEGREES CELSIUS.

Front 60

STATIC ELECTRICITY

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A FRICTIONAL ELECTRIC CHARGE CAUSED BY THE RUBBING TOGETHER OF TWO DISSIMILAR MATERIALS.

Front 61

STRENGTH

Back 61

A FIBER'S ABILITY TO WITHSTAND STRESS.

Front 62

WICKING

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THE ABILITY OF A FIBER TO TRANSFER MOISTURE FROM ONE SECTION TO ANOTHER.

Front 63

TOW

Back 63

WHEN THOUSANDS OF THE FILAMENTS ARE GROUPED TO FORM A THICK ROPE.