Ncsf Chapter 1 Functional Anatomy

Front 1

Multiple axis joint action where flexion is combined with abduction, and then adduction or extension and hyperextension are combined with abduction and then adduction.

Back 1

Circumduction

Front 2

Action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated toward the body from anatomical position.

Back 2

Internal Rotation

Front 3

Action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated away from the body from anatomical position.

Back 3

External Rotation

Front 4

Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move laterally toward the thumb in the frontal plane.

Back 4

Radial Deviation

Front 5

Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move medially toward the little finger in the frontal plane.

Back 5

Ulnar Deviation

Front 6

Movement away from the midline in the transverse plane.

Back 6

Horizontal Adduction

Front 7

Inferior movement of the bone.

Back 7

Depression

Front 8

Superior movement of the bone.

Back 8

Elevation

Front 9

The turning of a structure around its long axis.

Back 9

Rotation

Front 10

Movement toward the midline in the transverse plane.

Back 10

Horizontal Adduction

Front 11

A fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between the vertebrae of the spinal column.

Back 11

Intervertebral Disc.

Front 12

A spinal position that retains the three natural curves; a small lordotic curve at the base of the neck, a small hyphotic curve at the middle back, and a small lordotic curve in the lower back.

Back 12

Neutral Spine

Front 13

An abnormal convex (outward) curvature of the upper portion of the spinal column, sometimes called a humpback or hunchback.

Back 13

Kyphosis

Front 14

Anterior curvature of the spine, creating a swayback appearance.

Back 14

Lordosis

Front 15

Movement toward the midline.

Back 15

Adduction

Front 16

Movement away from the midline.

Back 16

Abduction

Front 17

Confined to the ankle; consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces medially.

Back 17

Inversion

Front 18

Confined to the ankle; consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally.

Back 18

Eversion

Front 19

Unique rotation of the forearm which crosses the radius and ulna. The palm faces posterior.

Back 19

Pronation

Front 20

Foot movement towards the plantar surface.

Back 20

Plantar Flexion.

Front 21

Movement of the ball of the foot towards the shin.

Back 21

Dorsi Flexion

Front 22

Movement back to the anatomical position or additionally posterior to function range of motion.

Back 22

Retraction

Front 23

Movement of a structure toward the anterior surface in a straight horizontal line.

Back 23

Protraction

Front 24

Spinal movement to the left or right occurs at the neck and trunk.

Back 24

Lateral Flexion

Front 25

To straighten or extend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move away from each other; in ball and socket joints, the limb moves posterior to the midaxillary line

Back 25

Extension

Front 26

To bend; in hinge joints, the articulating bones move closer together; in ball and socket joints, the limp moves anterior to the midaxillary line.

Back 26

Flexion

Front 27

Extending inward in relation to a surface layer.

Back 27

Deep

Front 28

Shallow proximity in relation to a surface.

Back 28

Superficial

Front 29

On, or relating to, the opposite side of the body.

Back 29

Contralateral

Front 30

On, or relating to, the same side of the body.

Back 30

Ipsilateral

Front 31

Situated or extending away from the medial plane of the body.

Back 31

Lateral

Front 32

At, in, near, or being the center; dividing a person into right and left halves.

Back 32

Medial

Front 33

Situated farthest from the point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone.

Back 33

Distal

Front 34

Situated nearest the point of attachment or origin.

Back 34

Proximal

Front 35

Rear of the structure

Back 35

Posterior

Front 36

Front

Back 36

Anterior

Front 37

Crease of the axilla (underarm)

Back 37

Anterior axillary line

Front 38

A perpendicular line drawn downward from the apex of the Axilla (underarm)

Back 38

Midaxillary line

Front 39

The median plane of the body

Back 39

Midline

Front 40

A reference posture used in anatomical description in which the subject stands erect with feet parallel and arms adducted and supinated, with palms facing forwards.

Back 40

Anatomical Position

Front 41

A protein in muscle that together with Myosin functions in muscle contraction. It is commonly referred to as the thin contractile protein.

Back 41

Actin

Front 42

Filaments, made up of Actin and Myosin, that are the structure units of a myofibril.

Back 42

Myofilaments

Front 43

Threadlike fibrals that make up the contractile part of a striated muscle fiber.

Back 43

Myofibrals

Front 44

Thickened connective tissue that envelopes a muscle or a group of muscles.

Back 44

Muscle Facia

Front 45

Describes joints that stretch further than is normal.

Back 45

Hypermobility

Front 46

Tiny fluid filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.

Back 46

Bursa

Front 47

A layer of connective tissue which lines the joint and produces synovial fluid.

Back 47

Synovial Membrane

Front 48

A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.

Back 48

Tendons

Front 49

Tough fibrous band of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds bones together properly in joints.

Back 49

Ligaments

Front 50

The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons.

Back 50

Perioseum

Front 51

A sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane.

Back 51

Joint Capsule

Front 52

A plane or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones.

Back 52

Articular Discs

Front 53

Plane joint, pivot joint, hinge joint, condyloid joint, saddle joint, and ball and socket joint.

Back 53

Synovial Joints

Front 54

Spinal vertebrae, metacarple, and metatarsals.

Back 54

Plane Joint

Front 55

Neck, forearm, radius, and ulna.

Back 55

Pivot Joint

Front 56

Knee, elbow, fingers, and toes.

Back 56

Hinge Joint

Front 57

Wrist Joint

Back 57

Condyloid Joint

Front 58

Thumb joint (only one in the body)

Back 58

Saddle Joint

Front 59

Shoulder and Hip Joint.

Back 59

Ball and Socket Joint

Front 60

Cartilage that allows for greater movement capabilities due to its flexible nature.

Back 60

Fibrocartilage

Front 61

A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx.

Back 61

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 62

Contains synovial fluid and allows for considerable movement between articulating bones.

Back 62

Synovial Joint

Front 63

Unites two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Back 63

Cartilaginous Joint

Front 64

Consists of two bones that are united by fibrous tissue and exhibit little or no movement.

Back 64

Fibrous Joint

Front 65

A point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion.

Back 65

Joint

Front 66

The mineral content in a given volume of bone, used as a measure of bone health and in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Back 66

Bone mineral density

Front 67

The volume of bone in the body measured by mineral content.

Back 67

Bone Mass

Front 68

Transverse cartilage plate near the end of a childs bone, responsible for growth in length of the bone.

Back 68

Epiphyseal Plates

Front 69

Process of bone formation whereby a cartilage model is replaced by bone.

Back 69

Endochondral Growth

Front 70

Growth by the addition of new layers on those previously formed. Tissue formed of rigid material.

Back 70

Appositional Growth