Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Greek philosophy based on
|
humans can understand their world
|
|
philosophy means
|
"the seeking of wisdom"
|
|
logic is
|
the science of reasoning
|
|
profesional teachers
|
sophists
|
|
sophists believed
|
"man is the measure of all things", truth is dif. for everyone, gods didn't influence human behavior
|
|
sophists did
|
traveled around, a lot in Athens, said find answers to all Qs, taught people to be good a politics
|
|
Socrates born
|
poor, sculptor by trade
|
|
Socratic method
|
ask Qs, oppose answers w/ logic, forced to defend & think clearly
|
|
Socrates accused of
|
corrupting youth & not worshiping gods
|
|
Plato born
|
aristocrat, thought 1st to be politician
|
|
Plato & Socrates
|
S teacher, when S died - became techer, recorded conversations from memory
|
|
Plato's book of politics
|
The Rebublic - plan for ideal society & gov
|
|
Plato & gov
|
disliked democracy, state more inmportant than indevidual, too much freedom -> social disorder, best edu. & smartest in charge, distrust other classes
|
|
Plato & truth
|
searched for, sences not source of truth, understand w/ logic
|
|
Aristotle's school
|
Lyceum, in athens
|
|
"golden mean"
|
live moderatly, avoid extremes in actions
|
|
syllogism
|
way to present argument - one determines whether conclusion is from premises or basic statements
|
|
way to present arguement
|
syllogism
|
|
Aritotles' book on science
|
Physics
|
|
Aristotle & science
|
knowlege through sences, 1st to observe facts & classify by same & dif.
|
|
Aristotle & science
|
knowlege through sences, 1st to observe facts & classify by same & dif., Earth - center of the universe
|
|
Aristotle' book of gov
|
Politics - ideal gov = monarcy + aristocracy + democracy, power in middle class -> command & obey
|
|
"the father of history"
|
Herodotus
|
|
Heroditus studied
|
persian wars
|
|
1st to separate fact from legend
|
Heroditus
|
|
Heroditus' book
|
Historia
|
|
Heroditus did
|
traveled, ask Qs, record answers, check reliability of sorces, accepted stuff as not true, offered supernatural explanations
|
|
Heroditus wrote about
|
military events, political events, people, customs, religion
|
|
Thucydides wrote about
|
peloponesian war
|
|
Thucydides
|
said gods not part of history - only humans, accurate & impersonal as posible, find why stuff happened, learn from past
|
|
Greeks science
|
world ruled by natural laws, discover laws w/ reason
|
|
Greeks & math
|
1st to call science, system to prove statements, believe could find true & eternal knowlege
|
|
Thales' from
|
Miletus, Ionia
|
|
Thales studied
|
astronomy in Babylon &
math in Egypt |
|
Thales' theory
|
water is basic substance that everything is made of
|
|
Pythagoras
|
try explain everythin w/ math, study whole #s & ratios, Pathagorean theorem, world round & revolve around fixed point
|
|
"the father of medicine"
|
Hippocrates
|
|
Hippocrates believed
|
diseases natural not supernatural, body could heal self,
|
|
Hippocrates did
|
1st to call a science, encoraged docters to record cases, exchane info, hygene, plenty of rest, moral code
|
|
Macedonians lived
|
Balkan Pen. N of Greece
|
|
Philip II early life
|
hostage in Thebes, learned to admire greek culture & military organization
|
|
Philip II goals
|
- strong standing army
- unify greeks under rule - destroy Persian empire |
|
macedonian army
|
infantry - phalanxes, 16 x 16, lances, fought like unit
|
|
how philip got Greek city-states
|
conquered, bribed leaders, allied by marriage, (total 6-7 wives), city states not work together to restist
|
|
Demothenes
|
athenian orator, appealed to citizens to fight for liberty, didn't work
|
|
Philip's death
|
by persion agent or assasin from Olympia
|
|
Alexander's mother
|
olimpia - philip's 1st wife
|
|
about Alexander
|
tutored by Aristotle, 20 when king, comander since 16, highly respected by soldiers -> courage & military skill, thought of self as Achilles
|
|
Granicus River
|
1st major battle, W asia minor, elite cavalry smashed defences, after - offering to athena - 300 suits of persian armor to athens
|
|
after Granicus R
|
marched along coast of Asia minor, freed Ionia
|
|
Issus
|
2nd major battle, Syria, Darius III forced to flee
|
|
after Issus
|
S along Mediterranian, captured Phoenicia
|
|
how captured phoenicia
|
cut off fleet from supplies, fleet surrendered
|
|
after phoenicia
|
invaded Egypt
|
|
invasion of egypt
|
people didn't like persians, welcomed Alexander & made Pharaoh, built Alexandria
|
|
Guagamela
|
after Egypt, mesopotamia, near Tigris R, smashed main army
|
|
capture of persia
|
after Gaug., captured main city-states -> Babylon, Persopolis, Susa - treasure among army
|
|
became rular of Persia
|
when Darius killed by owm general, declared self rular, punished killer
|
|
how alexander died
|
feaver (malaria?), age 33
|
|
Alexander's goals
|
- punish Persia for invasion of greece
- create empire of Europe + Asia & combine best of greek & persian cuture |
|
how Alexandr promoted goals by example
|
imitated persian dress & court life, married Darius' daughter, incouraged soldiers to marry persian women
|
|
domains (def)
|
territories
|
|
after Alexander's death
|
political unity ended, 3 generals devided empire into domains, Greek language still spread & flourished, Hellenic ways mixed w/ middle E. culture -> Hellenistic culture
|
|
leaders of domains
|
Ptolemy, Seleucus, Antigonus
|
|
invasion of India
|
reached Indus R vally after 3 yrs, indian army - elephants , vetrans refused to go farther, went to Babylon & made capital
|
|
Ptolemy
|
Egypt, Lybia, part of Syria
Cleopatra |
|
Selucus
|
descendents called Selucids, rest of Syria, Mesopotamia, Iran, Afghanistan - forced to give up E territory
|
|
Jews & Palesitne
|
guerrillas lead by Judah Maccabee, ordered to worship greek gods by Selucid Antiochus IV, chalenged control of palestine, reocupied jeruselem -> rededecated Temple - Hanukkah
|
|
Antigonus
|
Macedonia & Greece, Greek city-states declared selves independent & fought among selves
|
|
largest & wealthiest city in empire
|
Alexandria
|
|
Alexandria made of
|
straight streets @ RT angles, double harbor, light house (benifited economy)
|
|
Alexandria center of learning
|
away from athens, 1st ever museum, library, institute of scientific reserch, zoo, scientists came from all over world
|
|
Septuagint
|
Hebrew bible translated into greek by Jewish scolars, used by apostle Paul & still used in E orthodox church
|
|
Hellenistic Greeks
|
Hellenic - involved in particular polis
Hellenistic - upper class of cities ruled by kings Soldiers & Beaurocrats - traved to jobs - not loyal to king |
|
Hellenistic women's status
|
improoved from athens, move about freely, some independence, upper class occupations - real estate, banking, gov., poets, philosophers
|
|
Hellenistic Philosophers
|
focused on personal behavior - how to acieve happiness
systems of thought: Cynicism, Epicureanism, Stoicism |
|
founded Cynicism
|
Diogenes
|
|
founded Epicureanism
|
Epicurus
|
|
founded Stoicism
|
Zeno
|
|
Diogenes
|
criticized materialism, happy if gave up luxeries & live simply in accord w/ nature
|
|
Epicurus
|
should avoid joy & pain by accepting world as was, ignore politics, live simply & quietly w/ few close friends
|
|
word "stoicism"
|
from Stoa Poikile - "painted porch" where Zeno lectured
|
|
Zeno
|
events gov. by natural laws, happy by ignore emotions & follow reason -> able to acceptmost dificult circumstances & do duty, effected Roman intelectuals & early Christian thinkers
|
|
Hellenistc art
|
powerful emotions
carved portrait heads b/c art became a bussiness |
|
Hellenistic plays
|
comedies, ignored problems of outside world
|
|
Menander
|
renound playwrite, comedies about everday life
|
|
Hellenistic science
|
limited by instruments, many experaments, many new theories
|
|
Aristarchus
|
of Samos, sun is larger than earth, earth revolves around sun, stars are far awy from both
|
|
Eratothenes
|
estimated Earth's circumferance, 1% off
|
|
Hellenistic Doctors
|
dissectd corpses to learn anatomy, discovered nervous system, studied brain & liver, drugs for pain relief
|
|
Euclid
|
of Alexandria, "the elemnts of geometry"
|
|
Archemedes
|
compound pulley, cylinder-screw - lift water for irrigation, principle of bouyancy, principle of the lever, Pi
|
|
Persia before invaded
|
ward times, Darius III weak
|
|
Colossus of Rhodes
|
island of " in harbor, helios
|