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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nutrition |
Chemical substances called nutrients are acquired from environment for metabolism and growth |
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Micronutrients |
Large quantities Cell structure Metabolism C,H, O |
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Micronutrients |
Trace elements Maganese, Zn, Ni, Enzyme fxn Protein structure |
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Inorganic |
Atoms other than C, H |
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Cell composition |
70 % water CHONPS |
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Hetertroph |
Must contain Carbon in an organic form |
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Autotroph |
Self feeder CO2 carbon source |
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Nitrogen |
Gas DNA,RNA, ATP |
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Vocab |
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Saprobes |
Free organisms that feed on organic dead organism Decomposers Bacteria n fungi Rigid cell wall engulf small particles Secrete enzymes
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Parasites |
Derive nutrient from cells or tissues of host |
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Carbon |
Organic compounds Carbs, lipid, nucleic acids and proteins Enzymatic fxn of cell O2 20% atmosphere |
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Hydrogen Source |
Major in organic compound Water 70%, salts, gas 1) maintain pH 2) forming hydrogen bonds between molecules 3)source of free energy in oxidation and reduction rxns |
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Phosphorus |
PO4 phosphate --》nucleic acids, phospholipids H3PO4 phosphoric acid Rocks and minerals Ex Cprynebacterium conc. and store granule in cytoplasm |
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Sulfur |
Sulfate SO4, sulfides, gas Vit B1 Amino acids-methionine and cysteine Shape of proteins by disulfide bonds |
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Minerals |
K, Na,Ca,Mg,Cl,Fe, Mn |
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K |
Protein synthesis Membrane fxn |
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Na |
Cell transport |
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Ca |
Stabilizer of cell wall Endospores of bacteria |
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Mg |
Chlorophyll Stabilizer of ribosomes |
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Fe |
Cytochrome proteins Cell respiration |
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Zn |
Regulatory element for Eukaryotic genetics "Zinc fingers" |
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Growth factor |
Organism cannot synthesize Must be provided as nutrient |
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How do microbes feed? |
Autotroph/CO2: Phototroph Chemotroph Hetertroph/Organic Photohererptroph Chemoheterptroph Parasite Sacrobe |
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Phototroph gets energy from? |
Energy from light |
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Chemotroph gets energy from? |
Chemicals |
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Photoautotroph |
Phtosynthetic Energy from Xrays and transform into chemical energy Algae, plants, bacteria all use by themselves ie auto |
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Chemoautotrophs |
Two groups: Chemoorganic autotrophs Lithoautotrophs |
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Chemoorganic autotrphs |
Use organic compounds for energy Inorganic as Carbon source |
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Lithoautotrophs |
Rely only on inorganic minerals Remove e- from inorganic substrates H2 |
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Methanogens |
Produce methane gas from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide |
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Chemoheterotrophs |
Derive carbon and energy from organic compounds
Respiration or fermemtation making ATP |
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Aerobic respiration |
Energy yielding pathway in animals Protozoa, fungi, and aerobic bacteria |
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Obligate saprobes |
Strictly dead organic matter in soil and water Unable to adapt to host Protozoa,fungi bacteria |
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If saprobe does infect a host it's called? |
Facultative parasite |
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Opportunistic pathogen |
Not usually pathogenic |
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Pathogen |
Parasites Damage tissues |
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Diffusion |
Gradient from high to low density Accross cell membrane gradiemt |
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Osmosis |
Movement of Water across a selectively permeable membrane Aquaporins |
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Isotonic |
Iso- same External and internal equal |
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Hypotonic conditions |
Hypo- under Outside has fewer molecules Water goes in |
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Hypertonic |
Water diffuses out Plasmolysis shrink |
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Osmotic pressure |
Forces water to diffuse out of cell |
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Facilitated diffusion |
Uses carrier protein |
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Specificity |
Transport certain or few molecules |
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Saturation |
Transport limited to bindings site on transport proteins |
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Competition |
Two molecules can bind to the sane binding site on carrier protein |
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Active transport |
1.Transport nutrients against diffusion gradient 2. Specific proteins 3. Uses energy |
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Endcytosis |
Carried into cell |
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Phagocytosis |
Amoebas Wbc Ingest whole cells our large matter Type of endocytosis |
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Pinocytosis |
Liquids like pills inn solution enter cell |
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Temp groups |
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Psychrophile |
-15°C optimal |
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Psychtroph |
15-30°C |
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Mesophile |
10-50°C Humans 37°C |
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Thermophile |
45-80°C |
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Extreme thermophile |
80-121°C |
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Gases |
O2, CO2 O2 greatest impact on growth |
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Aerobe |
Need oxygen |
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Obligate |
Cannot grow workout oxygen |
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Facultative anaerobe |
Doesn't require oxygen |
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Anaerobe |
Cannot tolerate oxygen |
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Aerotolerant anaerobes |
Did not utilize oxygen but can survive and grown in limited amts |
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Capnophiles |
Grow best at higher CO2 |
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PH |
0-14 7 water Blood 7.3, CO2 7.0 |
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Osmophiles |
High solute concentration |
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Halophiles |
Salt lover |
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Facultative halophiles |
Resistant to salt S.a |
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Barophiles |
Deap sea Under pressure |
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Mutualism |
Mutual relationship |
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Symbiosis |
Live together |
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Commensalism |
Receive benefit without harming host |
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Satellitism |
one provides nutritional or protective factors |
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Parasitism |
Host provides nutrient, harms host |
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Antaganism |
Competition within biofilms |
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Antibiosis |
Inhibitory compounds such as antibiotics |
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Synergism |
Relationship between 2 or more |
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Quorum sensing |
Interact with same species and other species Chemical exchanges Release |
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Normal microbiota |
Live on skin |
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Binary fission |
One cell becomes 2 |
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Generation |
Complete fission cycle Parent to two daughter cells |
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Exponential growth |
Doubles |
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Lag phase |
Flat |
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Exponential growth LOG |
Adequate nutrients |
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Stationary |
Population enters survival mode |
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Death |
Curve drops Depends on resistance Bacteria dormant endospores |
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Chemostat |
Automatic growth chamber Stay growth |
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Turbid |
Cloudy solution Microbes grow in our |
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Direct cell count |
Counting number of cells in a sample microscopically Blood count |
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Coulture counter |
Electronically scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette |
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Flow cytometer |
Differentiate between live and dead cells |