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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A cell that stores fat. |
adipocyte
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A surgical procedure in which an adjustable band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach to limit the volume that the stomach can hold and the rate of stomach emptying |
adjustable gastric banding |
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Delayed onset of menstruation or the absence of three or more consecutive menstrual cycles. |
amenorrhea |
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basal metabolic rate (BMR |
The rate of energy expenditure under resting conditions. It is measured after 12 hours without food or exercise |
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khjfv |
nmgd |
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basal metabolism |
The energy expended to maintain an awake, resting body that is not digesting food. |
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ghrelin |
A hormone produced by the stomach that affects food intake |
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leptin |
A protein hormone produced by adipocytes that signals information about the amount of body fat. |
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nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) |
The energy expended for everything we do other than sleeping, eating, or sports-like exercise |
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Genes that code for proteins involved in the regulation of body fat. When they are abnormal, the result is abnormal amounts of body fat |
obesity genes |
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Being too heavy for one's height, usually due to an excess of body fat. Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (ratio of weight to height squared) of 25 to 29.9 kilograms/meter2 (kg/m2) |
overweight |
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he rate of energy expenditure at rest. It is measured after 5 to 6 hours without food or exercise. |
resting metabolic rate (RMR |
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Adipose tissue located under the skin, which is not associated with a great increase in the risk of chronic diseases. |
subcutaneous fat |
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The energy required for the digestion of food and absorption, metabolism, and storage of nutrients. |
thermic effect of food (TEF) or diet-induced thermogenesis |
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The sum of basal energy expenditure, the thermic effect of food, and the energy used in physical activity, regulation of body temperature, deposition of new tissue, and production of milk |
total energy expenditure |
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A body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m2, or a body weight 10% or more below the desirable body weight standard. |
underweight |
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Adipose tissue deposited in the abdominal cavity around the internal organs. High levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and breast cancer. |
visceral fat |
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The maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed by the tissues during exercise. Also called maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2 max
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aerobic capacity |
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Metabolism in the presence of oxygen. It can completely break down glucose to yield carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP |
aerobic metabolism |
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Wasting or decrease in the size of a muscle or other tissue caused by lack of use. |
atrophy |
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A compound stored in muscle that can be broken down quickly to make ATP. |
creatine phosphate |
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A compound that can be converted into creatine phosphate, which replenishes muscle ATP during short bursts of activity. Creatine is a dietary supplement used by athletes to increase muscle mass and delay fatigue during short intense exercise. |
creatine |
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Compounds that cause a natural euphoria and reduce the perception of pain under certain stressful conditions |
endorphins |
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A substance, appliance, or procedure that improves athletic performance. |
ergogenic aid |
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The combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis that occurs in some female athletes, particularly those involved in sports in which low body weight and appearance are important. |
female athlete triad |
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A regimen designed to increase muscle glycogen stores beyond their usual level |
glycogen supercompensation or carbohydrate loading |
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Muscle cramps caused by an imbalance of sodium and potassium; may result from excessive exercise without adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement |
heat cramps |
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Low blood pressure, rapid pulse, fainting, and sweating caused when dehydration decreases blood volume so much that blood can no longer both cool the body and provide oxygen to the muscles |
heat exhaustion |
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Elevated body temperature as a result of fluid loss and the failure of the temperature regulatory center of the brain |
heat stroke |
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An increase in the size of a muscle or organ |
hypertrophy |
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The ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement over time. |
muscle endurance |
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The amount of force that can be produced by a single contraction of a muscle |
muscle strength |
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The concept that the body adapts to the stresses placed on it. |
overload principle |
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A temporary decrease in hemoglobin concentration that occurs during exercise training. It occurs as an adaptation to training and does not impair delivery of oxygen to tissues. |
sports anemia |
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An androgenic hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands and gonads that acts as precursor in the production of testosterone and estrogen. |
steroid precursors |