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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is absorption?
|
rate at which drug leaves
site of aministration |
|
What is an adverse
effect? |
severe response to medication
(client becomes comotose when drug is ingested) |
|
What is anaphylactic
reaction? |
Reactions by sudden
constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of pharynx & larynx, & severe wheezing & shortness of breath |
|
What is biotransformation?
|
change occurs under
influence of enzymes that detoxify, degrade, remove biologically active chemicals |
|
What is buccal?
|
pertaining to inside
of cheek or gum next to cheek |
|
What is concentrate
or concentration? |
substance, liquid that has
been strengthened / reduced in volume thru evaporation or other means |
|
What is idiosyncratic
reaction? |
individual sensitiveness to
drug effects: caused by inherited or other bodily constitution factors |
|
What is infusion?
|
introduction to substance:
fluid, drug, electrolyte, nutrient directly into vein by means of gravity flow |
|
What is inhalation?
|
to breathe in / draw in breath
|
|
What is injection?
|
act of forcing liquid into
body by needle or syringe |
|
What is instillation?
|
procedure fluid slowly
introduced into cavity or passage of body (rectum) allowed to remain for specific length of time being withrdrawn or drained |
|
What is intrarticular?
|
within a joint
|
|
What is introcardiac?
|
within the myocardium
|
|
What is intramuscular
(IM)? |
tissue within interior of
muscle |
|
What is intraocular?
|
eye medication delivery
involving inserting meds |
|
What is intravenous (IV)?
|
pertaining to inside of vein
|
|
What is irrigation?
|
process of washing out body
cavity or wounded area with stream of fluid |
|
What is medication allergy?
|
severe or mild reaction
to medications |
|
What is metered-dose
inhaler (MDI)? |
inhabler designed to produce
local effects (bronchodilation) |
|
What is a narcotic?
|
drug substance either from
opium or produced synthetically that alters perception of pain |
|
What is opthalmic?
|
meds for eye conditions
(glaucoma) |
|
What is parenteal
administration? |
injecting meds into
body tissues |
|
Medication Dose Response
What is peak concentration? |
highest serum concentration
|
|
Medication Dose Response
What is serum half-life? |
time for serum medication
concentration to be halved |
|
What is subcutaneous
(Sub-Q)? |
injection into tissues
just below dermis of skin |
|
What is sublingual?
|
route of meds administered
meds placed underneath clients tongue |
|
What are synergistic effect?
|
occurs when combined effect
of 2 meds is greater than effect of meds given separately |
|
What are therapeuatic
effects? |
desired benefits of meds
treatment or procedure |
|
What are toxic effects?
|
results from an excess amount
of meds in clients blood impaired excretion idosyncratic reaction to medication itself |
|
What is medication
reconciliation? |
study of how drugs enter body
reach their site of action metobized & exited from body |
|
What is polypharmacy?
|
use of different drugs
by pt. who may have one or several health problems |
|
What is a solution?
|
mixture 1 or more
substances dissolved in another substance (liquid, gas, solid) |
|
What is Nurse Practice Acts?
|
statues enacted by legislature
of any state that delineate legal scope of practice of nursing within geographical boundaries of jurisdiction |
|
What is distribution?
|
drug is transported where
its needed in body |
|
What is metabolism?
(biotransformation) |
drug is broken down
|
|
What is excretion?
|
leftover drug is excreted
|
|
What is bioavailability?
|
amount of drug available for
therapeutic effect decreases after passage through liver |
|
What is bioequivalent?
|
2 meds have same bioavailability
or med has same bioavailability by different routes |
|
What are teratogenic effect?
|
causes development of
abnormal structures in an embryo (check pregnancy category) |
|
What are mutagenic effects?
|
drug causes genetic mutations
(changes DNA or chromosomes) |
|
What are carcinogenic effects?
|
drug may cause cancer
|
|
What are antagonistic
effects? |
second drug diminishes or
cancels effect of 1st drug |
|
What is incompatibility?
|
2 drugs can not be given
together or adverse effect may occur (see drug guide) |
|
Pharmacotherapeutics Monitoring
What is therapeutic index? |
ratio between a drug's
therapeutic benefits & its toxic effects drugs are good unless too much |
|
Pharmacotherapeutics Monitoring
What is tolerance? |
decreasing response to
repetitive drug dose requires dose to achieve therapeutic effect |
|
Pharmacotherapeutics Monitoring
What is intolerance? |
inability to absorb or
metabolize a drug |
|
What are warnings &
precautions? |
list of conditions or types
of clients that need close observation while on specific drug persons w/ liver impairment |
|
What are interactions?
|
list of other drugs or foods
that may alter effect of drug delayed absorption of tetracycline if given with antacid |
|
What are contraindications?
|
conditions for which a drug
should not be given elderly person w/ kidney would not be able to take penicilin |
|
What are cumulative effects?
|
occurs when drug is metabilized
or excreted more slowly than the rate at which is being administered |
|
What is dependence?
|
physiological or physchological
need for a drug |
|
Medication Dose Response
What is trough? |
minimum blood serum
concentration before next scheduled dose |
|
Medication Dose Response
What is duration? |
time medication concentration
is sufficient to produce a therapeutic response |
|
Medication Dose Response
What is plateau or steady state? |
blood serum concentration is
reached & maintained after repeated fixed doses |
|
Medication Dose Response
what is onset? |
time it takes for medication
to produce a response |
|
Ch. 35
Medication Administration p. 686 |
terms / definitions
|
|
What is pharmacokinetics?
|
Drug movement
study of what body does to the drug |
|
What are the 3
drug classifications? |
pharmacological
therapeutic chemical |
|
Drugs in Pharmacological
classification are? |
drugs grouped by physiological
activity & mechanisms of action beta blockers calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors cephalosporins |
|
Drugs in Therapeutic
classification are? |
drugs grouped by similar
therapeutic indications anti-coagulants anti-anxiety anti-infectives |
|
Drugs in chemical
classification are? |
drugs grouped by chemical
structure, regardless of differences in pharmacological activity |
|
What factors influence
absorption? |
route of administration
ability to dissolve blood flow to site of administration body surface area lipid solubility of meds. presence of food or other drugs |
|
Name some routes of
amdinistration? |
oral
parenteral topical nasal, lungs, vaginal, rectal |
|
What is the first pass
effect? |
drug passes thru portal
circulation before going into bloodstream |
|
Name some parenteral
routes? |
IV intravenous
IM intramuscular ID intradermal Sub Q subcutaneous |
|
Topical routes are?
|
ointments/creams
transdermal patches ears, eyes body cavity vaginal, rectal |
|
Oral routes are?
|
sublingual
buccal |
|
Describe distribution process?
|
after absorption, distribution
occurs in tissues, organs & speficic sites of action |
|
Distribution depends on what?
|
physical & chemical properties
of medication & physiology circulation, membrane permeability protein binding |
|
Desribe Metabolism?
|
enzymes detoxify degrade
& remove active chemicals |
|
Where does biotransformation
occur? |
in liver
|
|
If liver function is
impaired how is metabolism impaired? |
liver oxidices & transforms
many toxic substances liver degrades harmful chemicals before distribution |
|
Medications are
excreted through? |
Kidney
liver bowel lungs exocrine glands |
|
What is pharmocodynamics?
|
Drug Action
what drug does to body |
|
What are the 3 checks?
|
check MAR against doctor order
check meds against MAR while preparing check meds against MAR in client room |
|
What do you need to do
before administrating drugs? |
do 3 checks
check 2 forms of ID check 6 rights |
|
What is nurses role in meds?
|
understand action, dose
potential side effects comprehend & apply knowledge monitor pt. for therapeutic or toxic effects |
|
Describe preparing
medication process? |
research medications
wash hands prepare meds 1 pt at time put packaged med into med cup put meds that require assess into different cup |
|
Nursing responsibilities
when preparing meds are? |
administer ONLY what you prepare
be familiar w/ medications document AFTER you give meds evaluate client use aseptic technique NO medications at bedside |
|
Preparing medications in prep room?
|
wash hands & apply gloves
shake or mix liquids into solution med cup on counter at eye level wipe lip of bottle after pour volume <15 ml use syringe |
|
If patient has trouble
swallowing drugs? |
crush pill with & mix w/
small amount soft food not all meds can be crushed |
|
What drugs does nurse give first to pts?
|
tablets / capsules
slower absorption |
|
What drugs does nurse give last to pts?
|
sublingual because they
absorp faster than oral meds |
|
What do nurses do if
suspect patient has difficult swallowing drugs? |
check the cough & gas
reflex FIRST |
|
What are side effects?
|
predictable often
unavoidable secondary effects |
|
What are toxic effects?
|
medication accumulates
in blood stream too much meds |