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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
body fluid content varies according to what factors?
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age
gender weight fat content |
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What is a vasopressin released by the hypothalamus and with aldosterone plays a major role body's regulation of water?
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Anti-diuretic hormone
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what facilitates chemical reactions that maintain life in the cell?
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intracellular fluid (largest compartment)
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what does milliequivalent measure?
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the # of ionic charges or electrovalent bonds, expressed in the # of mg/per 100ml of solution
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what is the ideal route for all fluid and electrolyte solutions replacement?
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IV
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what is the ideal route for absorption of nutrients and fluids?
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PO (digestive tract)
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what is required to sustain life if any reason digestive tract absorption cannot be used?
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parenteral solutions
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Parenteral solutions are given to accomplish which three objectives?
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1. meet current maintenance needs (nutrients, fluids, electrolytes)
2. replace past losses 3. replace concurrent losses (additional losses in excess of maintenance needs) |
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name the majority of the parenteral solutions used(85-95%)?
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carbohydrate in water
carbohydrate in saline normal saline 0.9% Potassium solution Ringers solution Lactate solution Ammonium chloride solution |
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the following require which Parenteral solution?
Individuals who are Cl- deficit and have fluid and calorie needs? |
carbohydrate and saline solutions
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the following require which Parenteral solution?
Needed calories and hydration? |
carbohydrate and H2O
exp. dextrose & fructose solutions (D5W most common) |
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the following require which Parenteral solutious:
In cases of acid-base imbalace? |
Potassium, Lactate, and ammonium chloride solutions
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which parenteral is a solution described as NS modified by addition of calcium and potassium in amounts similar to plasma?
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Ringers solution
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the following require which Parenteral solution?
Administered during healing phase of severe burn victims? |
potassium solution
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In cases of acidosis which parenteral is prefered?
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lactate
which is converted by the liver to bicarbonate ions. |
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Which parenteral is used in the treatment of alkalosis?
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ammonium chloride solution
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(primary) mechanisms that maintain or restore total volume of water in the body adjust what?
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output (urine volume)
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what is the secondary method of maintaining total volume of water in the body?
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mechanisms that adjust fluid intake
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what restores the normal volume of extracellular fluid?
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aldosterone hormone from the adrenal cortex of the kidney
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what are osmoreceptors of this chapter responsible for?
& where are they? |
responsible: Thirst center (sensation) of the brain.
-detect ECF solute concentration. & -trigger a stop saliva production. located: SFO (nerve fibers 3rd ventricle) & ADH-secreting cells (hypothalamus) |
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what two factors "determine" urine volume?
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1. glomerular filtration rate
2. reabsorption in renal tubules |
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which one of the two factors that determine urine volume adjust the urine volume to fluid intake?
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tubular reabsorption
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define dehydration?
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the condition that results from excess loss of total body water. measured often by skin elasticity (turgor)
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what are the four types of pressures according to Starlings law of capillaries?
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blood hydrostatic
colloid osmotic on one side of cap. membrane and on the other interstitial fluid hydrostatic colloid osmotic |
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Blood hydrostatic pressure does what?
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forces blood out of caps. into IF
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Blood colloid osmotic pressure does what?
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draws fluid into the caps.
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IF hydrostatic pressure does what?
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forces fluid out of the interstitial fluid into the capillaries
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what does Interstitial fluid colloid pressure do?
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draws fluid into IF out of capillaries
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T / F
Glomerular filtration rate stays constant? |
True
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how do we determine the effective filtration pressure (EFP)?
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add the two pressures exerting fluid into the IF
then minus the two pressures exerting fluid into the capillaries. |
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what is the chief regulator in water transfer across the cell membrane?
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colloid osmotic pressures (directly related to electrolyte concentration gradient maintained across cell membranes)
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what is the body's chief regulator of sodium?
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kidneys
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how does ADH regulate ECF electrolyte concentration & colloid osmotic pressure ?
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it regulates the amount of water reabsorbed into blood by tubules
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How does Aldosterone regulate ECF volume?
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by regulating amount of sodium reabsorbed into blood by tubules
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what is the body's chief regulator of sodium?
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kidneys
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how does ADH regulate ECF electrolyte concentration & colloid osmotic pressure ?
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it regulates the amount of water reabsorbed into blood by tubules
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How does Aldosterone regulate ECF volume?
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by regulating amount of sodium reabsorbed into blood by tubules
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what is the body's chief regulator of sodium?
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kidneys
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how does ADH regulate ECF electrolyte concentration & colloid osmotic pressure ?
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it regulates the amount of water reabsorbed into blood by tubules
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How does Aldosterone regulate ECF volume?
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by regulating amount of sodium reabsorbed into blood by tubules
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what is the chief electrolyte in Interstitial fluid?
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sodium
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what is the main electrolyte of intracellular fluid?
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Potassium
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what is the concentration of Na+ in IF?
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138 to 143 mEq/L
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what is the chief electrolyte in Interstitial fluid?
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sodium
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what is the main electrolyte of intracellular fluid?
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Potassium
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what is the concentration of Na+ in IF?
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138 to 143 mEq/L
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what disorder is often found associated with potassium loss?
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hypochloremia (due to chloride ions excreted in urine as a potassium salt)
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what is the most important extracellular anion ?
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chloride
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what are the following examples of:?
Retention of electrolytes in ECF Increase in capillary B/P Decrease in concentration of plasma proteins (normally in blood) |
reasons for fluid imbalance (edema)
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what is edema?
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abnormal large amount of fluid in intercellular tissue spaces
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