Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Splinting-
Purpose/ When |
Helps protect and maintain position of an injured extremity. Unless patients life is in danger splint all fractures, dislocations before moving patient.
|
|
Urinary System
Locations of Organs |
Kidneys, bladder are located in the abdomen.
|
|
Urinary System
Injuries- signs/symptoms (kidney) |
fractures on either side of lower rib cage (kidney), abrasion laceration contusion in flank (kidney)
|
|
Urinary System-
Injury Urinary Bladder and Male Genitalia |
blunt or penetrating force to bladder can cause rupture
sudden deceleration from motor vehicle or motorcycle crash can literally shear bladder from urethra. male genitalia soft tissue wounds |
|
Transporting Pregnant Patients
|
Patient should be carefully placed on her left side so uterus will not lie on vena cava
|
|
Atrophy
|
partial or complete wasting away of a body part or muscle
|
|
Muscles (types)
|
skeletal- also called striated muscle, attaches to bones crosses 1 joint
Smooth muscle- also called involuntary muscle not under voluntary control of brain Cardiac muscle- specially adapted involuntary muscle with own regulatory system |
|
Tendons and Ligaments
|
tendons attach directly to bone.
|
|
Direct vs Indirect Injury (mechanism)
|
Direct blow fractures bone at point of impact.
Indirect may cause fracture or dislocation at a distant point, as when person falls and lands on outstretched hand. |
|
Fractures- types 4 of them
|
Closed fracture- if overlying skin is not damaged
Open fracture- external wound caused either by same blow that fractured bone or broken ends lacerating skin Nondisplaced fracture- aka hairline fracture, simple crack of bone displaced fracture- produces actual deformity, or distorting of the limb. |
|
Sexual Assault- treatment, documentation
|
Do not examine genatalia of a sexual assault victim unless obivous bleeding requires dressing.
Take care to shield from onlookers Do not speculate record only the facts, advise patient not to eat, drink, shower, etc. |
|
Abdominal Organs- location/quadrant
RUQ LUQ LLQ RLQ |
RUQ- liver, gallbladder, duodenum of intestines and small portion of pancreas
LUQ- stomach occupies most, spleen, pancreas LLQ- small and large bowel, descending colon left half of transverse colon RLQ- portions of large and small intestines, ascending colon right half of transverse colon |
|
Abdominal Organs- hollow-
|
stomach, intestines, ureters, bladder
|
|
Abdominal organs- solid
|
liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys.
|
|
Injuries of Organs- Hollow-
|
spill into peritoneal cavity (abdominal cavity) causing inflammation and possible infection. Peritonitis inflammation of peritoneum.
|
|
Injuries of Organs- Solid-
|
injury can cause severe and unseen hemmorhage.
|
|
Eviscerations- what are they
|
internal organs or fat protrude through the wound.
|
|
Eviscerations- how do we treat them
|
cover with sterile gauze compress moistened with sterile saline solution and secure a sterile dressing, occlusive dressing.
|
|
What is guarding? Why do we do it?
|
inability to use extremitiy is pateints way of immobilizing it to reduce pain. muscles around fracture contract in attempt to prevent movement of bone.
|
|
Cullen Sign- what is it? what does it mean?
|
bruises around the umbilicus, predictive of significant internal abdominal bleeding.
|
|
Subcutanoues emphysema- what is it? when would you see it?
|
When gas or air is present in the subcutaneous layer of the skin. You would see in a pneumothorax
|
|
Peritontis
|
Inflammation of the peritoneum due to spilling of the hollow organs into the abdominal cavity
|
|
Pleurisy
|
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs
|
|
Patient presentation- pulomonary contusion
|
usually develops within a period of hours. injury or bruising of lung tissue resulting in hemmorage. Any one with flail chest suspect it. Provide respitory support and provide adequate ventilation and supplemental o2
|
|
Patient presentation- myocardial contusion
|
bruising of the heart muscle, often pulse rate is irregular, suspect in all cases of severe blunt injury to chest. Patients sign can mimic heart attack, chest pain etc.
|
|
patient presentation- traumatic asphxia
|
Sudden increase in intrathoraic pressure, distended neck veins, cyanosis in face and neck, hemmorhage into sclera of eye .
|
|
Rib fracture- causes
|
very substantial MOI. penetrates into pleural space may lacerate.
|
|
Rib fracture- signs and symptoms
|
cracky feeling to the skin (crepitus), localized tenderness and pain when breathing. Avoid taking deep breaths, Rapid shallow breaths
|
|
Rib Fracture- patient presentation
|
avoid taking deep breaths, rapid shallow breaths
|
|
Flail Chest- what is it?
|
3 or more ribs fractured in 2 or more places or if sternum is fractured along with several ribs segment of chest is detached from rest of thoracic cage.
|
|
Flail Chest- what causes it?
|
significant MOI and 3 or more ribs fractured in 2 or more places causing segment to detach from rest of thoracic cage.
|
|
Flail Chest- treatment?
|
maintaing airway, providing respiratory support if necessary, if necessary giving supplemental oxygen, performing ongoing assessments for pneumothorax or other complications.
|
|
Hemothorax vs Pneumothorax- how does presentation differ
|
suspect hemothorax is patient is showing signs of shock or decreased breath sounds on affected side. Indicated compressed by blood. Suspect pneumothorax is hearing subcutaneous emphysema or sucking chest wound lung sounds.
|
|
Pneumothorax- types 4
|
Pneumothorax- collapsed lung, air enters hole through chest wall or surface of lung as patient attempts to breath
Spontaneous- some people born with weakend areas on surface of the lung. Simple- difficult to diagnose, does not result in major change in patients physiology. Tension- significant air accumulation in pleural space. Increases pressure in chest. |
|
Pneumothorax- signs/ symptoms
|
Unilateral diminshed lung sounds, sucking sound
|
|
Pneumothorax- treatments
|
rapidly seal open wound with sterile occulsive dressing if open pneumothorax, flutter valve,
|
|
Pneumothorax- cautions
|
If using flutter valve careful attention so tension pneumothorax does not develop.
|
|
Mechanisms of Breathing- (ventilation) How do we breath adults?
|
Adults- intercostal muscles contract between ribs. Elevating and expanding rib cage. Diaphragms contracts or flattens pushing contents of abdomen down. Intrathorac pressure in chest decreases, creating negative pressure differental.
|