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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does the cardiovascular system consist of? |
❤️ the blood ❤️ the heart ❤️ blood vessels |
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What is the size of your heart? (Roughly) |
Your fist |
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Where is your heart located? |
The heart rests on the diaphragm, near the midline of the thoracic cavity |
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What is the path of blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulations? |
1. Right atrium (deoxygenated blood) ➡️➡️
➡️➡ ️tricuspid valve ➡️➡️
2. Right ventricle ➡️➡️
➡️➡️ pulmonary valve ➡️➡️
3. Pulmonary trunk & pulmonary arteries ➡️➡️
4. to lungs (in pulmonary capillaries, blood loses CO2 and gains O2 ➡️➡️
5. Pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) ➡️➡️
6. Left atrium ➡️➡️
➡️➡️ bicuspid valve ➡️➡️
7. Left ventricle ➡️➡️
➡️➡️ aortic valve ➡️➡️
8. Aorta & systemic arteries ➡️➡️
9. In systematic capillaries, blood loses O2 & gains CO2 ➡️➡️
10. ➡️superior vena cava➡️ ➡️inferior vena cava➡️ ➡️coronary sinus➡️
➡️➡️ returns to 1. And repeat |
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Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals w/ abnormalities of the ____ of the heart |
Valves |
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What do increased potassium levels in plasma lead to? |
Decreased heart rate |
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What do increased potassium levels in plasma lead to? |
Decreased heart rate |
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Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by what?? |
Gap junctions |
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Which is the thickest chamber of the heart? |
Left ventricle |
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Which is the thickest chamber of the heart? |
Left ventricle |
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What anatomical region extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, from the first rib to the diaphragm? |
Mediastinum |
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What is composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue? |
Fibrous percardium |
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Before birth the foramen ovals, allows most blood entering the ____ atrium to pass into the ____ atrium. |
Right, left |
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Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities of the _____ of the heart |
Valves |
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The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows the _____ closing |
Semilunar valves |
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The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows the _____ closing |
Semilunar valves |
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Definition: the period of time during cardiac cycle when contraction of chambers occurs and pressure within the chamber rises |
Systole |
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The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows the _____ closing |
Semilunar valves |
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Definition: the period of time during cardiac cycle when contraction of chambers occurs and pressure within the chamber rises |
Systole |
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Definition: is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart |
Cardiac conduction system |
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Definition: a large piece of the patients own skeletal muscle is partially freed from connective tissue attachments and wrapped around the heart leaving the blood and nerve supply intact |
Cardiomyoplasty |
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What is cardiac output? |
The volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute |
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What is cardiac output? |
The volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute |
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What is the correct list of the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of part. |
1. Sinoatrial (SA) node 2. atrioventricular (AV) node 3. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of his) 4. Right and left bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibers |
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What is the name of the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart |
Pericardium |
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What is the slippery secretion of the pericardial cells that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium as the heart moves? |
Pericardial fluid |
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What is the slippery secretion of the pericardial cells that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium as the heart moves? |
Pericardial fluid |
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What is responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed of cardiac muscle tissues? |
The myocardium |
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What is the slippery secretion of the pericardial cells that reduces friction between the layers of the serous pericardium as the heart moves? |
Pericardial fluid |
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What is responsible for the pumping action of the heart and is composed of cardiac muscle tissues? |
The myocardium |
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The cardiac output equation is |
The stroke volume (mL/beat) multiplied by the heart rate (beats/min) |
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Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first run to the diaphragm? |
Mediastinum |
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The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the ... |
Pericardium |
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The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the ... |
Pericardium |
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The outermost layer of the pericardium, which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue, is called the ... |
Fibrous pericardium |
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Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart? |
Pericardial fluid |
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Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart? |
Pericardial fluid |
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Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue? |
Myocardium |
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Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by ... |
Gap junctions |
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Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by ... |
Gap junctions |
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Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart? |
Cardiac conduction system |
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Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by ... |
Gap junctions |
|
Which network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart? |
Cardiac conduction system |
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Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite a normal contraction of the heart? |
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers |
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The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the ... |
Cardiac output |
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The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the ... |
Cardiac output |
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Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when the contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises? |
Systole |
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The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listen below? |
Semilunar valves closing |
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The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listen below? |
Semilunar valves closing |
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Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate? |
Increased potassium levels in plasma |
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The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listen below? |
Semilunar valves closing |
|
Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate? |
Increased potassium levels in plasma |
|
Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected from the ____ ventricles into the _____ each minute. |
Left or right, aorta or pulmonary trunk |
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What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life? |
Prevents back flow of blood from pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle |
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Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ... |
Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same |
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Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ... |
Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same |
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Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium? |
Left ventricle |
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Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ... |
Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same |
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Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium? |
Left ventricle |
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Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart. |
Valves |
|
Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ... |
Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same |
|
Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium? |
Left ventricle |
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Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart. |
Valves |
|
In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT.. |
A higher resting cardiac output |
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Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ... |
Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same |
|
Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium? |
Left ventricle |
|
Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart. |
Valves |
|
In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT.. |
A higher resting cardiac output |
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A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patients own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart . |
Cardiomyoplasty |
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Isovulmetric contraction is the phase of the cardiac cycle in which ... |
Ventricular pressure increases and ventricular volume remains the same |
|
Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium? |
Left ventricle |
|
Heart murmurs are often heard in individuals with abnormalities in the ____ of the heart. |
Valves |
|
In comparison to a sedentary individual, a well-trained athlete will usually have all the following characteristics EXCEPT.. |
A higher resting cardiac output |
|
A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patients own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart . |
Cardiomyoplasty |
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True or false (correct if false) : Red blood cells are also known as leukocytes |
False: white blood cells |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes |
False: granulocytes |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils |
True |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes |
False: granulocytes |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils |
True |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : Erythrocytes carry oxygen through the body on the protein hemoglobin |
True |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes |
False: granulocytes |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils |
True |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : Erythrocytes carry oxygen through the body on the protein hemoglobin |
True |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : Both lymphocytes and monocytes are granulocytes |
False: agranulocytes |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : white blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are known as agranulocytes |
False: granulocytes |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : the granulocytes include the neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils |
True |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : Erythrocytes carry oxygen through the body on the protein hemoglobin |
True |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : Both lymphocytes and monocytes are granulocytes |
False: agranulocytes |
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True or false? (Correct if false) : platelets are fully formed cells involved in blood clotting |
False: fragments |