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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the functions of the urinary system.
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Responsible for producing, storing and excreting urine. Cleansing the body of the products of metabolism and regulating the water, salts and acids in the body fluids ensure the body's homeostasis. The kidneys, which manufacture urine and pay a role in the regulation of systemic blood pressure and the accessory structures.also the secretion of renin and erythropoietin
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The urinary system is responsible for
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producing, storing, excreting urine
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The functional unit of the kidney
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nephron
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The three functional processes of the kidney in the manufacture of urine
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filtration, reabsorption, secretion
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Urine is stored in the
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bladder
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The major structures of the urinary system
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kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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symptoms of urinary disease
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nausea, bloody urine, decreased urinary output, hypertension
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What diagnostic test is often ordered to evaluate the function of the urinary system?
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urinalysis
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Name the procedure used to examine the urinary tract.
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cystoscopy
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Function of the urinary system is evaluated by
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urinalysis, blood tests
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What usually precedes acute glomerulonephritis?
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streptococcal infection (from Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus)
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Describe hematuria.
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Blood is present in the urine. urine appears dark or coffee-colored
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symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis.
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proteinuria, edema, decreased urine volume, hematuria, dark urine, streptococcal infection, hypertension, headaches, visual disturbances, malaise, anorexia, low-grade fever, flank or back pain.
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inflammation and swelling of the glomeruli.
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Why does chronic glomerulonephritis lead to renal failure?
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Due to the extent of the destruction to the kidney and the patient's response to therapy, eventually it will lead to ESRF. it is a progressive noninfectious disease that leads to irreversible renal damage and failure
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can take place in the home or at the hospital. It removes impurities or wastes from the blood by using an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer).
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Hemodialysis
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is carried out in the patient's own body by using a dialysate solution and the peritoneal membrane to filter out the harmful toxins and excessive fluid.
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Peritoneal Dialysis
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nephrotic syndrome
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The disease which encompasses a group of symptoms referred to as the protein losing kidney. It is a disease of the basement membrane of the glomerulus, is secondary to a number of renal diseases and a variety of systemic disorders,
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Nephrotic syndrome encompasses a group of symptoms referred to as
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protein losing kidney
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types of nephrotoxic agents that commonly cause renal damage
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Solvents: Carbon Tetrachloride, Methanol, Ethylene Glycol.
Heavy Metals: Lead, Arsenic, Mercury. Pesticides. Antibiotics: Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Polymyxin B, Amphotericin B, Colistin, Neomycin, Phenazopyridine NSAIDS. Antineoplastic Agents. Poisonous Mushrooms. Misc. Compounds: Acetaminophen, Amphetamines, Heroin, Silicon, Cyclosporine |
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nephrotoxic agent Heavy Metals include
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Lead, Arsenic, Mercury
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nephrotoxic agent solvents include
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Carbon Tetrachloride, Methanol, Ethylene Glycol
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nephrotoxic agent Antibiotics include
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Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Polymyxin B, Amphotericin B, Colistin, Neomycin, Phenazopyridine
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nephrotoxic agent Misc. Compounds include
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Acetaminophen, Amphetamines, Heroin, Silicon, Cyclosporine
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medications that may cause nephrotoxicity
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Gentamicin, Amphotericin B, Neomycin
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sequence of events when a patient has acute renal failure
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nitrogenous waste products begin to accumulate in the blood quickly, thereby causing an acute uremic episode, are classified as-
intrarenal damage is involved diminished blood flow to kidney- mechanical damage is obstruction of urine flow▪ diagnosis: - BUN, creatinine, K levels are elevated Nephrotoxic substance causes renal dysfunction disrupts if untread can lead to death |
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Initial symptoms of acute renal failure
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olguria, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, drowsiness, and other alterations in the level of consciousness
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most common type of kidney disease
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Pyelonephritis
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In relation to the urinary system, list the occasions when catheterization may be indicated
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This may be indicated prior to surgery, and(or) after surgery, to relieve urinary retention, to obtain a sterile urine specimen, to irrigate the bladder, or to treat urinary incontinence.
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pyuria
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urine containing pus
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treatment of choice for pyelonephritis
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intravenous or oral antibioticsusuallypenicillin or cephalosporingiven for a full 7 to10 days.
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Pressure from urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract causes what condition that affects the kidney?
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hydronephrosis
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When a patient has hydronephrosis, after what length of time will a kidney fail to function if an obstruction is not resolved?
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2 months
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What causes the symptoms of renal calculi to vary?
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the degree of obstruction
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Explain the usual treatment of renal calculi.
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lithotripsy, relief of pain, surgical intervention, increased fluid intake, and diuretics
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Kidney stones form when
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an excessive amount of calciumoruric acid in the blood.
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