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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Leukocytes, which number _____ make up _____% of blood volume |
5 to 10,000/mm3; 1% |
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Leukocytes are divided into |
three types of granulocytes and two types of agranulocytes. |
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Leukopoiesis, or production of white blood cells (WBCs), is stimulated by |
stimulating factors (CSFs) produced by cells such as macrophages and T lymphocytes |
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White blood cells may leave the capillaries and enter the tissues by |
diapedesis or ameboid action (movement through an intact capillary wall) |
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Lymphocytes make up |
30 to 40% of the WBCs |
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the most common leukocyte, comprising 50% to 60% of WBCs, but they survive only 4 days. |
Neutrophils |
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They are the first to respond to any tissue damage and commence phagocytosis |
Neutrophils |
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Neutrophils are (increased or decreased) in a bacterial infection |
increased |
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Leukocytes that migrate from the blood and enter tissue to become mast cells that can release histamine and heparin. |
Basophils |
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Tend to combat the effects of histamine. They are increased by allergic reactions and parasitic infections. |
Eosinophils |
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Can enter the tissue to become macrophages, which act as phagocytes when tissue damage occurs. |
Monocytes |
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indicates the proportions of specific types of WBCs in the blood and frequently assists in making a diagnosis |
A differential count |
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t or f |
thrombocytes are not cells; rather, they are very small, irregularly shaped, non-nucleated fragments from large megakaryocytes |
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A drug that reduces adhesion and can lead to an increased bleeding tendency. |
aspirin |
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Clot formation (coagulation) sequence |
1.Damaged tissue and platelets release factors that stimulate a series of reactions involving numerous clotting factors, finally producing prothrombin activator (PTA). 2.Prothrombin or factor II (inactive in the plasma) is converted into thrombin. 3.Fibrinogen (factor I) is converted into fibrin threads. 4.A fibrin mesh forms to trap cells, making up a solid clot, orthrombus, and stopping the flow of blood 5.The clot gradually shrinks or retracts, pulling the edges of damaged tissue closer together and sealing the site. |
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The circulating clotting factors are produced primarily in the |
liver |
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antithrombin III function |
prevent inappropriate thrombus formation, |
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an anticoagulant, that is released from basophils or mast cells in the tissues and exerts its major action by blocking thrombin |
heparin |
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t or f |
heparin as a drugdoes not dissolve clots, but will prevent further growth of the thrombus. |
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breaks down fibrin and fibrinogen |
plasmin |
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an incompatible blood transfusion, resulting in |
agglutination (clumping) and hemolysis of the recipient's RBCs |
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leukocytosis, an increase in WBCs in the circulation, is often associated with |
inflammation or infection |
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Leukopenia, a decrease in leukocytes, occurs with |
some viral infections as well as with radiation and chemotherapy |
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Different types of anemia are distinguished by the |
a.characteristic size and shape of the cell, b. presence of a nucleus in the RBC. |
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mean corpuscular volume (MCV). MCV indicates the |
oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood |
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Bone marrow function can be assessed by |
1. reticulocyte (immature non-nucleated RBC) count, 2. a bone marrow aspiration and 3. biopsy |
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Epoetin alfa (Procrit, Eprex) is administered before surgical procedures to |
stimulate production of RBCs (eg. hip replacement) and for pts with anemia related to cancer or chronic renal failure (reduces risk of infection) |
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Drug that has been recently approved by the FDA that directly stimulates platelet production by the bone marrow. |
Nplate |
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drug developed primarily to treat hemophiliacs, but it has been adapted for use in treating combat traum |
NovoSeven |
