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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the most common cause of stroke?
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large vessel occlusion
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what are the first cells affected in the CNS during a hypoxic insult?
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hippocampus
purkinje cells of cerebellum |
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what is a watershed infarct? are these common during a stroke?
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an infarct that occurs in the border zone between the ACA and MCA
yes because they get the least perfusion to begin with |
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name 2 things that are important in determining the severity of damage during an infarct?
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- collateral circulation
- duration of infarct |
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what kind of necrosis will we see as a result of a cerebral infact?
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liquefactive necrosis
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name 2 types of vascular occlusions and the type of infarct they cause.
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thrombotic - pale infarct
embolic - red infarct |
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when will I find red neurons?
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12-24 hours after the onset of an infarct
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where is the most common location of origin for an embolus that causes a cerebral infarct?
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heart
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what is the most common area affected by an embolic infarct?
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MCA territory
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briefly describe the pathogenesis of ischemia in the brain.
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infarction causes accumulation of lactic acid which damages neurons
infarction causes release of excitatory neurotransmitters which cause influx of Ca which activates synthesis of neurotransmitters and NO which in excess are toxic to neurons |
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what is a lacunar infarct? where in the brain do we see them?
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occlusion of the arterioles
basal ganglia and thalamus |
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what is intraparenchymal hemorrhage?
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non-traumatic, spontaneous hemorrhage into the brain
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what is the most common cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage?
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hypertension
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what are charcot-bouchard aneursyms? what do they cause?
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tiny outpouchings that are weak spots in arterioles
make a person very susceptible to lacunar infarcts |
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what is amyloid angiopathy? what does it cause?
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deposition of A beta amyloid in the walls of small and medium sized vessels
weakens the vessel walls and makes more susceptible to hemorrhage esp. lobar hemorrhages |
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when you perform a congo red stain and polarize it, what will amyloid look like?
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it shows as a bright apple green color
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what is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
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rupture of saccular or mycotic aneurysms
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where would I most likely find a saccular (or berry) aneurysm?
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anterior circulation at a bifurcation
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what will someone with a subarachnoid hemorrhage present with?
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"worst headache of my life"
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what age and sex are associated with berry/saccular aneurysms?
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40 y/o
female slightly more than men |
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how do fusiform aneurysms produce symptoms?
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these grow large and push on surrounding areas. they normally do not rupture
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what is unique about mycotic aneurysms?
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they are infected emboli (bacterial or fungal infection)
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when would I discover a ateriovenous malformation or cavernous angioma?
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these are incidental findings during an autopsy
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