Cengage Tests Ch. 7 & 8

Front 1

When African American police officers experience overt racism from fellow officers as well as dealing with the expectation of giving members of their own race preferential treatment, this is known as...

Back 1

Double Marginality

Front 2

What consequence did the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and its subsequent amendments, have regarding women and police work?

Back 2

Courts began striking down police entrance requirements that arbitrarily eliminated women.

Front 3

The ________ style of policing holds that the most important aspect of police work is apprehending criminals. The focus of this style is on victims and protecting them from dangerous criminals.

Back 3

Crime fighter

Front 4

A community with progressive governmental institutions and local domestic violence shelters are examples of ________ factors that influence police discretion.

Back 4

Environmental

Front 5

Which of the following varieties of police corruption may involve a police officer freeing a drug dealer in return for a sum of money?

Back 5

Selective Enforcement

Front 6

An officer approaches a group of teenagers standing in a parking lot drinking beer. She checks them for gang symbols and calls into the station to ascertain if any of them have active warrants. This officer typifies which officer style?

Back 6

Crime fighter

Front 7

Name a factor that is not associated with low-visibility decision making?

Back 7

Is inherent in all branches of the criminal justice system.

Front 8

What pattern does research reveal regarding officers' involvement in use-of-force incidents?

Back 8

a. There is little evidence that use-of-force incidents are racially motivated.
b. A small portion of officers account for a sizable portion of the abuses.
d. Problem officers tend to be young and inexperienced members of the force.

Front 9

TRUE/FALSE
Almost all police departments require some type of college degree.

Back 9

FALSE

Front 10

TRUE/FALSE
Cynicism has been found at all levels of policing, including chiefs of police, and throughout all stages of a police career.

Back 10

TRUE

Front 11

TRUE/FALSE
Research shows that problem behavior among the police is widespread, with a large percentage of officers engaging in violence and aggression.

Back 11

FALSE

Front 12

TRUE/FALSE
A grass eater is a term used to describe a police officer who actively solicits bribes and vigorously engages in corrupt practices.

Back 12

FALSE
A meat eater is a term used to describe a police officer who actively solicits bribes and vigorously engages in corrupt practices; a grass eater is a term for a police officer who accepts payoffs when everyday duties place his/her in a position to be solicited by the public.

Front 13

TRUE/FALSE
In 1985 the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed the indiscriminate use of deadly force with its decision in the case of Tennessee v. Garner.

Back 13

TRUE
The Court ruled in this case that the use of deadly force against apparently unarmed and nondangerous fleeing felons is an illegal seizure of their person under the Fourth Amendment.

Front 14

TRUE/FALSE
Rubber bullets and stun guns are examples of less-lethal weapons and a form of nondeadly force.

Back 14

TRUE
Nondeadly force is force that is unlikely to cause death or significant bodily harm, but may still result in injury.

Front 15

TRUE/FALSE
For every officer killed annually, approximately 1000 are assaulted on the job.

Back 15

TRUE

Front 16

Which of the following is false regarding the role of the police?

-Approximately 14 million arrests are made each year.
-Approximately 30 percent of contact with police is to report problems or ask for assistance.
-Approximately 7 million arrests are made each year for serious Part I crimes.
-More than half of all police contacts are for traffic-related matters.

Back 16

Approximately 7 million arrests are made each year for serious Part I crimes IS FALSE

Front 17

What are the major purposes of patrol?

Back 17

Maintain public order
Create a feeling of security in the community.
Deter crime

NOT A MAJOR PURPOSE: impede the movement of traffic and people

Front 18

The Kansas City study suggested that...

Back 18

the mere presence of police may not be sufficient to deter crime.

Front 19

One of the main reasons for investigation ineffectiveness is lack of...

Back 19

sufficient resources

Front 20

Which of the following is not a part of the three-pronged approach typically adopted by detectives conducting an investigation?

-General Coverage
-Informative
-Specific Focus
-Sting Operation

Back 20

STING OPERATION

Front 21

One famous study of 153 detective bureaus found that:

Back 21

..half of all detectives could be replaced without negatively influencing crime clearance rates.

The consensus is that investigative expertise does little to solve cases. Identification of a suspect, witnesses, etc. has more to do with solving a case than a detective's training.

Front 22

Community policing is designed to:

Back 22

bridge the gap between police agencies and the communities they serve.

Front 23

Which of the following is not an element of the broken windows theory developed by George Kelling and James Q. Wilson?

a. Elimination of the criminal element.
b. Police need citizen cooperation.
c. Neighborhoods give out crime-promoting signals.
d. Neighborhood disorder creates fear.

Back 23

Elimination of the criminal element.

Front 24

Community policing stresses the importance of police-citizen relations. Which of the following is not an integral aspect of community policing?

Back 24

Car Patrol Activities

Front 25

Problem-oriented policing models are supported by the fact that a great deal of urban crime is:

Back 25

...concentrated in a few "hot spots"

Front 26

The function of the Internal Affairs Division of a law enforcement agency is to:

Back 26

...monitor the police

Internal affairs process citizen complaints of police corruption, investigate what may be the unnecessary use of force by police officers, and even probe police participation in actual criminal activity.

Front 27

________ requires agencies to identify particular long-term community concerns and to develop strategies to eliminate these concerns.

Back 27

Problem Oriented Policing

Front 28

Which of the following is a way to improve police productivity?

Back 28

Consolidation, informal arrangements, sharing, pooling, contracting, service districts, civilian employees, multiple tasking, special assignments, and differential police response were all ways mentioned in the text to improve police productivity.

Front 29

TRUE/FALSE
An inspector typically ranks higher than a detective.

Back 29

TRUE

Front 30

TRUE/ FALSE
Uniformed patrol officers account for less than 25 percent of a department's personnel.

Back 30

FALSE

Patrol officers are the backbone of the police department and usually account for about two-thirds of a department's personnel.

Front 31

TRUE/FALSE
The majority of the patrol function is dedicated to order maintenance or peacekeeping.

Back 31

TRUE

Front 32

TRUE/FALSE
Vice squads are police units assigned to enforce morality based laws, such as those addressing prostitution and pornography.

Back 32

TRUE

Front 33

TRUE/FALSE
To Catch a Predator was an example of a sting operation

Back 33

TRUE

A sting operation is an organized group of detectives who deceive criminals into openly committing illegal acts or conspiring to engage in criminal activity.

Front 34

TRUE/FALSE
Community oriented policing calls for a revision of the police role from law enforcer to community organizer.

Back 34

TRUE

One of the challenges of community oriented policing is that it calls for a revision of the police role from law enforcer to community organizer.

Front 35

TRUE/FALSE
There is clear and established evidence that community policing is successful at reducing crime.

Back 35

FALSE

Front 36

TRUE/FALSE
All police departments have an internal affairs division to investigate police misconduct.

Back 36

FALSE

Only larger police departments maintain an internal affairs division to investigate allegations of police misconduct.