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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 7 characteristics of a living thing |
Cellular organization, Ordered Complexity, Sensitivity, Growth--development--reproduction, Energy utilization, Homeostasis, Evolutionary adaption. |
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Cellular Organization |
ONE OF THE 7 - one or more cells that do tasks required to function as a living thing. |
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Ordered complexity |
ONE OF THE 7 - complex structures made up of different kinds of cells. |
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Sensitivity |
ONE OF THE 7 - responds to stimuli |
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Growth, development, and reproduction |
ONE OF THE 7 - living creatures grow, change and reproduce. Genetic makeup is passed through reproduction. |
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Energy Utilization |
ONE OF THE 7 - requires energy to function properly, which means it also requires an energy source. |
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Homeostasis |
ONE OF THE 7 - The body is able to maintain consistent internal conditions regardless of external influence. |
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Evolutionary Adaption |
ONE OF THE 7 - Organisms react and adapt to their environment in order to ensure survival--done through generations not a lifetime. |
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Biology |
The study of life |
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Science |
Using observations and reason to develop an understanding of how the world works. |
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What is the correct hierarchical order of the following? Biosphere, Community, cell, tissue, organ, organelle, molecule, population, ecosystem, species, organ system, atom. |
Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, population, species, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
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Population |
a group of the same species living in the same area. |
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Community |
a group of different species living in the same area |
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Cell |
the basic structure of life, made up of organelles bound with membrane |
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Tissue |
a functional group of similar cells |
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Organ |
Structures made up of multiple tissues and function as a part of a major organ system |
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Organelle |
complex molecules that combine with a membrane as a cell |
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Molecule |
Cluster of atoms |
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Atom |
the fundamental element of matter |
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Theory (Scientifically) |
Something that is almost certain and is solidly implanted in our understanding of science. |
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Do all living organisms have DNA? |
Yes, DNA is essential to growth and reproduction as well as any creation of cells and their function.
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What are the three domains of living Organisms? |
Bacteria, Archaia, and Eukarya |
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What are the four kingdoms within Eukarya |
Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Protista |
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Element |
A substance that can't be broken down to any other substance or element |
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Atom |
Extremely small particles that make up matter |
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Atomic Number |
the number of protons in an atom |
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Atomic Mass |
The sum of the masses of the atom's neutrons and protons |
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Molecule |
a group of atoms held together by energy |
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Which four elements are most common by weight in the human body? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
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What is the atomic number of Carbon? |
6 |
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What is the atomic number of Hydrogen? |
1 |
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What is the atomic number of Oxygen? |
8 |
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What is the atomic number of nitrogen? |
7 |
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How many protons are in Iron |
26 |
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Isotope |
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
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Compound |
Matter that is made from a combination of two or more atoms. |
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What are the four types of bonds? |
Covalent Bonds, Hydrogen Bonds, Ionic Bonds, and Hydrophobic Bonds |
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What is the strongest kind of bond? |
Covalent |
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Which type of bond is formed when one atom takes an electron from another atom? |
Ionic Bonds |
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Which type of bond is created by atoms sharing electrons? |
Covalent |
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Hydrophobic Bond |
The result of hydrophobic portions of molecules being forced together when they're in the presence of polar substances. |
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How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? |
2 electrons |
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Non-Polar Covalent Bond |
Bonds between two hydrogen or two oxygen atoms, the affinity for electrons is the same and the electrons are equally shared |
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Polar Covalent Bond |
Bonds between molecules where there is an unequal distribution of electrons so the charge isn't uniform. That results in regions of partial negative charges near the more electronegative atom. |
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What is a Buffer's function |
A buffer resists the change in pH. |
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What is our blood's natural pH |
7.4 |
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Name the four principle biological molecules |
Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acid, Proteins, and Lipids |
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How many covalent bonds are possible for Hydrogen Atoms |
1 |
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How many covalent bonds are possible for a Carbon Atom? |
4 |
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How many covalent bonds are possible for a Nitrogen Atom? |
3 |
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How many covalent bonds are possible for Oxygen Atoms? |
2 |
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Monosaccharide |
A simple sugar with a small amount of carbon atoms. |
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Polysaccharide |
made up of monosaccharides that have linked together to form a more complex CARBOHYDRATE |
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How many Amino Acids Are there |
20 |
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Amino Acids build what? |
Proteins |
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What are Nucleic Acids made of and what do they make? |
Made of: Nucleotides Make: DNA |
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DNA consists of 4 nucleotides. What are they? |
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine |
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How many R groups are possible in an Amino Acid. |
20--because the differentiating factor of an amino acid is the R group, and there are 20 different amino acids |
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What are the four types of large BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES? |
Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acid, proteins, and lipids |
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What are the main functions of CARBOHYDRATES? |
Energy and structure |
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What are the main functions of NUCLEIC ACIDS? |
Information!!! Cells wouldn't know what to do without them. DNA!! |
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What are the main functions of PROTEINS? |
They do almost everything in cells and have very diverse structures. |
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What are the main functions of LIPIDS |
DIVERSE IN functions and structures - hydrophobic |
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How many bonds can a hydrogen form? |
1 |
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How many bonds can an Oxygen form |
2 |
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How many bonds can a Nitrogen form |
3 |
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How many bonds can a Carbon form |
4 |
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Marcromolecules are made of what chemical subunits? |
Monomers are the single chemical subunits, and polymers are the strings of monomers linked together. |
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How do Molecules form polymers? |
Dehydration synthesis--formation of large molecules by removal of water. Hydrolysis -- inviting in H2O to break down polymers and form polymers. |
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What are the three main macromolecules? |
Protein, Carbohydrates and nucleic acids |
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What is an example of a Carbohydrate's subunit or monomer? |
Glucose |
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What is an example of a nucleic acid's subunit or monomer? |
Nucleotydes in DNA and RNA |
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What is an example of a protein's subunit or monomer? |
Amino Acid |
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What is an example of a monosaccharide? |
Glucose |
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What is an example of a disaccharide? |
Sucrose, Lactose |
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What is an example of a polysaccharide? |
Starch, Cellulose, chitin |
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ISOMER |
a molecule with the same chemical composition as another molecule but with a different structure and thus a different function |
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What four nucleotides are used to form Nucleic Acid? |
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine |
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Name a few Protein functions |
Enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, storage. |
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Peptide |
Polymer of amino acid monomers created through dehydration process--(remove H2O from the structural formula between two amino acids) |
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Matter |
Anything that takes up space and has mass |
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Element |
substances that can't be broken down into other elements via a chemical reaction |
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What is the Valence |
The outer most shell of electrons in an atom |
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REDOX |
OXIDATION: loss of an electron REDUCTION: gain of an electron |
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Whats the difference between Ionic and Isotope? |
Ionic Bond - stealing electrons Isotope - Same element with different numbers of neutrons. |
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Specific Heat |
The amount of heat a substance must absorb or lost to change its temperature. |
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Solvent |
Something that does the dissolving and creates the solution |
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Solute |
something that is being broken down and dissolved into the solution |
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What is neutral pH |
7 |
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What is a Ribosome's function |
Translates DNA into Proteins |
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What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum's functions? |
Covered in ribosomes and it modifies releases the proteins in the first step toward sorting proteins and sending them where they belong. |
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What does the Smooth ER do? |
Contains many enzymes that create carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones. Lipids are sent wherever it needs membrane components. Stores Ca^2 which is a signaling molecule and detoxifies and neutralizes foreign substances. |
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What does the Golgi Apparatus do? |
Collects, packages, and distributes molecules from where they were created at one location to where it needs to be used. Collects lipids and proteins from ERs and changes and modifies them. |
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What do lysosomes do? |
They break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. They recycle old stuff and digest it and then replace it. RECYCLE. |
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Vacuoles? |
Storage and maintenance of water in plant cells. It also stores waste, sugars, ions and pigments. Many different potential functions. |
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Peroxisomes? |
They are microbodies which oxidize fatty acids. they make sure the metabolism of cytoplasm doesn't short-circuit and it has an enzyme that breaks up hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen to protect the cells from harm. |
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Mitochondria? |
Converts sugar to ATP. Has own DNA which specifies for proteins. Divides along with cell. Carries out oxidative metabolism |
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Chloroplasts? |
Manufacture own food and creates glucose via photosynthesis due to the glucose in the stroma. Contain DNA |
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Cytoskeleton? |
Made of microtubule, actin filaments and intermediate filaments. Responsible for cell's shape and movement as well as creating a highways system for enzymes and macromolecules. |
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Extracellular Matrix? |
In animals only - secrete glycoproteins to create the exteracellular matrix. Collagen and Elastin as well. Protective layer of surface of cell. |
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Cell Junctions |
Attach one cell to another--can create communication between cells which molecules and ions travel between cells. |
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Cell wall |
found in plants and fungi--protect cell and provide structural support. |
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Genome |
Sum total of organisms DNA |
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Hypothesis |
Answer to a question |
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Independent variable |
What you're testing |
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Dependent variable |
What happened |
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Name two examples of a steroid molecule |
Testosterone and Estradiol |
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Where in a Cell would you find a phospholipid? |
The cell membrane |