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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 R's of medication passing
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Right Med
Right Person Right Dosage Right Route Right Time |
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Heart or respiratory abnormalities have been reported in up to how many of person's with dsabilities?
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1/3
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Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) exceeds what number?
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140/90 mm Hg
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Hypertension is reported in what percentage of persons with TBI
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11-25% of individuals
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Signs of peripheral nerve injury
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weakness, numbness, muscle wasting, and uncoordinated, uncontrollable twitching of a single muscle group.
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Involuntary increase in muscle tone that causes the muscle to resist being stretched
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Spasticity
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Abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint characterized by flexion and fixation due to wasting away and abnormal shortening of muscle fibers and loss of skin elasticity
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Contractures
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Oral Spasticity meds
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Baclofen (Lioresal)
Diazepam (Valium) Dantrolene Sodium (Dantrium) Tizanidine (Zanaflex) |
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A person's metabolism increases after brain injury
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True
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Swallowing disorders after brain injury are common
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True
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3 of the most common abnormal swallowing characteristics
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Loss of bolus control
Reduced lingual control Decreased tongue base retraction |
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Gastrostomy Tube
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A tube placed through a surgical opening into the stomach to administer liquid feedings. Need to be closely monitored and cleaned.
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Medications for gastrointestinal problems
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These may include cognitive impairments:
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Cimetidine (Tagamet) Famotidine (Pepcid) Ranitidine (Zantac) Less signs of cognitive impairment: Omeprazole (Prilosec) Rabeprazole (Aciphex) |
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Most common form of bladder incontinence after brain injury
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Disinhibited type of neurogenic bladder. Neurological impairment that affects bladder function.
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Foley Catheter
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Indwelling catheter. It remains in the bladder and drains urine continuously. Should be removed as soon as possible.
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Most common neurological condition reported after brain injury
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Headaches
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Persistent headaches may continue in what % of persons with brain injuries
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15-20%
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Enlargement of fluid-filled cavities in the brain, caused by excess CSF.
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Hydrocephalus
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A tube that moves excess spinal fluid out of the skull
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shunt
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Incidence of late seizures in persons with TBI
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5%
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Disturbances in specific, localized areas of one hemisphere of the brain
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Partial seizures
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Sudden burst of abnormal discharges that usually affect both hemispheres of the brain
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Generalized seizures
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Seizures with no alteration or loss of consciousness. May have stiffening or jerking of muscles, move eyes from side to side, and have unusual movement of the tongue, blinking, and facial twitching.
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Simple partial seizures (focal seizures)
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Seizures that impair consciouness. May receive an aura prior to seizure. The person may seem to be dreaming with open eyes and vacant stare. Will not remember details of incident.
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Complex partial seizures (psycho-motor or temporal lobe seizures)
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Abrupt loss of consciouness. Body stiffens in tonic contraction. The clonic phase consists of violent jerking of the head, face, and extremities with gradual slowing in frequency and intensity.
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Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal)
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Transient loss of consciousness for several seconds. Short duration.
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Absence seizures (petit mal)
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Sudden, brief contractions of muscle groups which produce rapid, jerky movements in one or more extremities.
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Myoclonic seizures
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Status epilepticus
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Continuous type of seizure that lasts 5 minutes or longer, or two or more seizures without time between for the person to recover consciousness.
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Medications for seizures
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Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproic Acid (Depakote) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Phenobarbital Clonanzepam (Klonopin) Gabapentin (Neurontin) Topiramate (Topamax) |
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Medications should never be used as a substitute for appropriate treatment planning and levels of staffing.
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True
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Monitoring of meds must occur to see if drug is:
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Producing intended effect
Still needed Causing adverse effects |
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If there is not enough environmental stimulation a person with hypo-arousal may not recover to maximum capacity
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True
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If a person is demonstrating irritability, agitation, impulsivity, and anxiety they may require this environment
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More structured, less stimulating environment
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Anti-Parkinsonian Medications
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Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet)
Bromocryptine (Parlodel) Pergolide (Permax) Amantadine (Symmetrel) Selegiline (Eldepryl) |
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Stimulants
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Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) Adderall Modafinil (Provigil) |
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Alzheimer's Medications for use in TBI
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Donepezil (Aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon) |
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Medications for post-tramatic agitation, aggression, and bipolar illness precipitated by brain injury
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Anti Convulsants:
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Valpric acid (Depakote)Trazodone (Desyrel) Antihypertensive: Propranolol (Inderal) Clonidine (Catapress) Bipolar: Lithium Anxiety (Axiolytics): Buspirone (Buspar) |
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Anti-psychotics
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Risperidone (Risperdal)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Quetiapine (Seroquel) |
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Anti-Depressants: SSRI's
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Paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zolof) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) |
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Anti-Depressants: SNRI's
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Duloxetine (Cymbaltal)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) |
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Other antidepressants
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Trazodone (Desyrel)
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) |
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Tricyclic Antidepresseants
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Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Imipramine (Tofranil) Amitryptyline (Elavil) Desipramine (Norpramin) Clomipramine (Anafranil) Doxepin (Sinequan) Protyptoline (Vivactil) |
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MAOI's
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Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Phenelzine (Nardil) |
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Anti-anxiety meds
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Lorazepam (ativan)
Alprazolam (Xanax) Oxazepam (Serax) Clonazepam (Klonopin) |
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Atypical antipsychotics
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Risperidone (Risperdal)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Quetiapine (Seroquel) Clozapine (Clozaril) Ariprazole (Abilify) |
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Conventional antipsychotics
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Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Thioridazine (Mellaril) Mesoridazine (Serentil) Fluphenazine (Prolixin) Perphenazine (Trilafon) Trifluoperazine (Stelazine) Clopromazine (Compazine) Nonphenothiazines Haloperidal (Haldol) Loxapine (Loxitane) Molindone (Moban) Thiothixene (Navane) |
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Medications in treating sleep disturbances with low side effects
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Trazadone (Desyrel)
Zolpidem (Ambien) |
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Most common mood disorder following TBI
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Depression
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First medication considered for depression
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SSRI's
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% of individuals with ABI with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence prior to injury
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58%
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% of individuals with an ABI who will return to using drugs and alcohol post injury
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50%
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