Cargo Ops Final

Front 1

Coffer Dam

Back 1

Narrow pace between adjacent water tight compartments

Front 2

What is the largest Tanker?

Back 2

The Jahre Viking

Front 3

What was the first tanker?

Back 3

The Gluckauf, which crashed on Fire Island in 1893

Front 4

What is the difference between Dirty and Clean Oil?

Back 4

Dirty oil is "black oil" and includes heavy oil, crude and asphalt.

Clean oil is "white oil" and includes gas, jet fuel and kerosene (thinks you can drink)

Front 5

Name the type of tankers

Back 5

Coastal Tankers: 16,500 DWT
General Purpose: 38,000 DWT
Medium Range: 38,000 – 50,000 DWT
Panamax: 50,000 – 80,000 DWT
AFRAmax: 80,000 – 125,000 DWT
Suezmax: 125,000 – 200,000 DWT
VLCC: 200,000 DWT
ULCC: 300,000 DWT

Front 6

Name the types of Chemical Tankers

Back 6

Type 1: Most hazardous
Type 2: Mostly Dangerous
Type 3: Non–hazardous

Front 7

What are the pros of double hulls?

Back 7

Environmental Protection
Protection against minor shell damage increased
Segregated ballast capacity
Stripping/ draining of cargo tanks more effective (well/sump vs. bell mouth)

Front 8

What are the cons of double hulls?

Back 8

Cost vs. protection
Salt water corrosion
Inadequate spacing against high energy collisions
Reduced Cargo carrying capacity
Fire/ explosion risks
Difficulty of gas freeing (tank entry)
Increased monetary cost for shipyard
Alternative technology
Economic disadvantages with phase in/ out schedule
Lack of proper maintenance on phased out vessels

Front 9

Has the mid deck tanker been approved by the USCG?

Back 9

No. It was developed in Japan as an alternative to meet the requirements of OPA 90 and IMO. (p. 70)

Front 10

Coastal Tankers:

Back 10

16,500 DWT

Front 11

General Purpose:

Back 11

38,000 DWT

Front 12

Medium Range:

Back 12

38,000 – 50,000 DWT

Front 13

Panamax:

Back 13

50,000 – 80,000 DWT

Front 14

AFRAmax:

Back 14

80,000 – 125,000 DWT

Front 15

Suezmax:

Back 15

125,000 – 200,000 DWT

Front 16

VLCC:

Back 16

200,000 DWT

Front 17

ULCC:

Back 17

300,000 DWT

Front 18

When should we keep manifolds closed?

Back 18

When there are no cargo transfer procedures being preformed.

Front 19

what do valves control?

Back 19

flow

Front 20

What is direct piping?

Back 20

this is characterized by 1 or more main lines oriented in a fore and aft direction from the cargo tanks to the pump room.

Front 21

What is a bell mouth used for?

Back 21

It's designed to minimize vortexing.

Front 22

What is Vortexing?

Back 22

A whirlpool effect due to cargo levels at the stripping stage.

Front 23

What is a loop or main ring?

Back 23

Another type of bottom piping system commonly seen on barges and dedicated carriers.

Front 24

What is another name for crossover?

Back 24

Mix Master and is piping used to interconnect different cargo systems or groups.

Front 25

What is manifold?

Back 25

It is the end of the line for deck piping.

Front 26

What is another name for mechanical loading arm?

Back 26

Chick sans

Front 27

What flange is at the end of a manifold?

Back 27

Blank Flange

Front 28

Who sets the standards for flanges?

Back 28

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and OCIMF sets it internationally.

Front 29

How many bolts on ANSI coupling? Non ANSI?

Back 29

4 bolts for an 8 bolt hole. A bolt in every hole for non ANSI coupling.

Front 30

What does a reducer look like?

Back 30

(picture pending)

Front 31

What is a blank flange?

Back 31

A solid plate used to seal end of pipeline such as cargo manifold (picture pending)

Front 32

What is a runaround?

Back 32

Temporary piece of pipe or cargo hose used to interconnect cargo systems or groups.

Front 33

What is a spectacle flange?

Back 33

A flange used to segegate or isolate a pipeline

Front 34

What is a drip pen?

Back 34

Allows excess oil to drip from manifold. collects it so it doesn't contaminate environment.

Front 35

What is a riser?

Back 35

A pipe that transports liquid up from the cargo pump to the main deck. Not to be confused with mast riser.

Front 36

What is a dresser coupling?

Back 36

Used for connecting piping on board tankers as they provide the flexibility necessary to withstand stresses caused by expanding/ contracting during temperature changes.

Front 37

What does a bullet vent look like?

Back 37

A bullet (picture pending)

Front 38

What does a PV vent look like?

Back 38

Picture pending

Front 39

What does a mast riser look like?

Back 39

Picture pending

Front 40

What kind of defects to take hose out of service?

Back 40

Cracks, blistering, abrasions, flattening of hose, evidence of leaks, defects.

Front 41

What are the maximum hose requirements?

Back 41

1.5 times the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP), or 150 PSI

Front 42

Working pressure for liquid cargo hose?

Back 42

100 psi

Front 43

What hose is used for the widest range of industrial duties?

Back 43

Stainless steel hose

Front 44

Always check what when choosing a hose?

Back 44

the Chemical compatible chart.

Front 45

What are the advantages of a rubber hose?

Back 45

rugged
smooth inner tube and allows for higher flow rate
good temperature resistance

Front 46

What are the disadvantages of a rubber hose?

Back 46

heavy in weight and cumbersome
inflexible
limited chemical resistance

Front 47

What is the weakest link in a cargo tanker system?

Back 47

The cargo hose is the weakest link in a cargo system.

Front 48

What are the 4 types of hoses?

Back 48

rubber hoses
composite
stainless steel
specialty hoses

Front 49

Before you do any sort of cargo transfer what must happen?

Back 49

Both parties (PIC's) must agree to the transfer (the dock and the ship or the ship and ship and the ship)

Front 50

What are the types of piping on a tanker?

Back 50

Fire foam
steam
fresh water
bunkers

Front 51

What is the most common type of valve?

Back 51

Globe valve.

Front 52

A type of valve that incorporates a sliding gate to block fluid flow.

Back 52

sliding gate

Front 53

What is the purpose of the packing gland?

Back 53

It seals the Gate valve so it doesnt leak

Front 54

A valve named for their spherical body shape, and is the most common type of valve?

Back 54

Globe Valve

Front 55

Used when making a 90 degree turn

Back 55

Angle Valves

Front 56

Butterfly Valve

Back 56

Disk or wafer creates a seal. Can be used as a shut off valve or throttling only in a vapor or gas pressure control. Good for low pressures. Prone to obstruction and rust.

Front 57

Plug Valves

Back 57

Back to ancient times, with Romans

Front 58

Ball valves

Back 58

any valve that checks flow by the seating of a ball valve – control consisting of a mechanical device for controlling the flow of a liquid.

Front 59

Specialty Valves

Back 59

include check valves (one way valves, relief valve, and pressure– vacuum relief valve)

Front 60

What kind of valve do you find on a discharge side of the pump?

Back 60

Check valve

Front 61

What is the least reliable valve?

Back 61

Check valve

Front 62

What does a relief Valve do?

Back 62

Allows cargo to go back to the suction side of the pump so you dont over pressurize the cargo pumping system.

Front 63

What is the purpose to the flame screen?

Back 63

Doesnt allow fire in, but allow gasses to escape

Front 64

What are some of the valve malfunctions?

Back 64

Broken or bent stem Sheared reach rod Improperly seated Worn seat Jammed open or closed Faulty valve indicator Leaking gland Improperly adjusted motor Foreign obstructions

Front 65

PT How are pumps classified?

Back 65

Kinetic or Positive Displacement

Front 66

PT What are the categories of Kinetic pumps?

Back 66

"Centrifugal

Vertical (ie Deepwell pump)

Submerged"

Front 67

PT Define Cavitation

Back 67

"formation of bubbles in a liquid or empty spaces in a pump.

(noise, heat, bubbles, high rmp and fluctuations)"

Front 68

PT What should we look out for in a damaged pump?

Back 68

"Seals (look for leaks)

Bearings (listen for noise)

Impeller (wear and tear)"

Front 69

PT What is another name for a turbine pump?

Back 69

A regenerative pump or peripherial pump

Front 70

PT What is another name for a Deepwell pump?

Back 70

A vertical – turbine pump

Front 71

PT What type of pump is a Deepwell pump?

Back 71

A centrifugal pump thus it requires prime.

Front 72

PT What are advantages to the Framo pump system (they manufacture submerged pumps)?

Back 72

"Unique stripping system

anti–rotational break so load through pump

no bottom piping"

Front 73

PT What kind of condition is in slides 30 and 31?

Back 73

"30 Suction head condition

31 Suction lift condition"

Front 74

PT Booster Pumps?

Back 74

If the shore tank is at a high elevation or far distance, then you acquire the assistance of this pump.

Front 75

PT When a booster pump comes online what happens to the pressure on your ship when you're discharging?

Back 75

It decreases

Front 76

PT Booster pump aids with what type of system?

Back 76

cargo system

Front 77

PT What are types of positive displacement pumps?

Back 77

"Rotary

Double acting

Reciprocating pump"

Front 78

PT Can an Eductor pass the discharge rate in a positive displacement pump?

Back 78

Yes

Front 79

CT What is the permissable exposure limit for Benzine?

Back 79

1 ppm (part per million)

Front 80

CT What are the 3 broad categories or classification for tanker cargo?

Back 80

"Petroleum liquids

Chemical liquids

Special liquids"

Front 81

CT Identify organic chemicals

Back 81

"Acetone

Vinyl Chloride

Acetic Acid

Styrene Monomer

Acrylonitrile

Aromatic Hydrocarbons( benzene, toluene, xylenes)"

Front 82

CT What are some examples of Aromatic Hydrocarbons?

Back 82

benzene, toluene, xylenes (Anything that ends in 'ene'. Petroleum products)

Front 83

CT How can Crude Oil be described as?

Back 83

As heavy or light depending on specific gravity

Front 84

CT How can we transport a very viscous fluid?

Back 84

By heating it up

Front 85

CT What are the 3 refining processes and describe?

Back 85

"Distillation – physical seperation through boiling

Cracking – splitting fractions into lighter fractions

Purification – process of removing impurities"

Front 86

CT What are the two types of international classification for petroleum?

Back 86

Volatile and non volatile

Front 87

CT What are the two types of classification for petroleum according to the USCG?

Back 87

Flammable (less than or equal to 80 degrees) & non flammable (greater than 80 degrees).

Front 88

CT What are the U.S.C.G. Classification of Combustible Liquids?

Back 88

"A, B, C, D, E"

Front 89

CT Describe a Class A combustible liquid

Back 89

"Flash Point: 80 F or below

Reid Vapor Pressure: 14 psi and above

Examples: Natural gasoline, Naphtha"

Front 90

CT Describe a Class B combustible liquid

Back 90

"Flash Point: 80 F or below

Reid Vapor Pressure: More than 8.5 but less than 14 psi

Examples: Most Commercial gasoline"

Front 91

CT Describe a Class C combustible liquid

Back 91

"Flash Point: 80 F or below

Reid Vapor Pressure: 8.5 psi and below

Examples: Most crude oils, aviation gasoline"

Front 92

CT Describe a Class D combustible liquid

Back 92

"Flash Point: Above 80 F but below 150 F

Reid Vapor Pressure: N/A

Examples: Kerosene, Commercial jet fuels"

Front 93

CT Describe a Class E combustible liquid

Back 93

"Flash Point: 150 F and above

Reid Vapor Pressure: N/A

Examples: Heavy Fuel, Lube oils, Asphalt"

Front 94

CT What is the API standard temperature?

Back 94

60 degrees

Front 95

CT What is a Hydrometer?

Back 95

An instrument used to measure density (can be used to measure dense cargo or water salinity through density)

Front 96

CT What does a hygrometer do?

Back 96

Measures humidity

Front 97

CT How many gallons in a barrel?

Back 97

42

Front 98

CT What is viscosity?

Back 98

A measure of internal friction of a liquid or its resistance to flow

Front 99

CT Define pour point

Back 99

the lowest temperature at which the liquid will remain a fluid

Front 100

CT Where can you get info regarding your cargo?

Back 100

"MSDS

Chemical Data Guide

CFR's

CHRIS manual

Chemical Codes – IMO

Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Tanker Saftey Guide Data Sheets from ICS"

Front 101

CT What can we do to secure the pump room?

Back 101

"Keep it free of leaks

Keep vents operational

Frequent rounds for potential leaks

Frequent rounds for flammable vapors and ignition"

Front 102

CT What would count as oxygen deficiency?

Back 102

Anything less than 19.5% oxygen

Front 103

CT How much oxygen and nitrogen is in the atmosphere?

Back 103

21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen

Front 104

V Flame screen?

Back 104

lets gasses escape?, keep flames out

Front 105

V What does a bullet vent or PV vent look like?

Back 105

A bullet

Front 106

V Who regulates design construction and operation of vapor recovery systems?

Back 106

Coast Guard

Front 107

V What prevents tanks from overpressurization?

Back 107

PV vents in each individual tanks, liquid breaker, mast riser

Front 108

V What must we connect up before we connect a hose?

Back 108

Connect bonding cable

Front 109

V What is written on a vapor recovery line?

Back 109

Vapor.

Front 110

V High level / Overfil alarm level?

Back 110

95% / 98%

Front 111

V How must alarms be?

Back 111

Audible and Visible

Front 112

V What is intrinsically safe?

Back 112

No ignition source if vapors in area

Front 113

V What kind of loading do static accumulators require?

Back 113

Slow load

Front 114

IG Mixture of Oxygen in IG generator and tank?

Back 114

5% or less in generator 8% or less in tank

Front 115

IG What is a deck water seal?

Back 115

the principal barrier; a water seal is fitted that permits inert gas to be delivered to the deck main but prevents any backflow of cargo gas or hydrocarbon gas into the non–hazardous areas,

Front 116

IG What is the main propulsion on modern vessels?

Back 116

Diesel.

Front 117

IG Where are flue gas systems found?

Back 117

Steamships

Front 118

IG How do we minimize soot from cargo tanks?

Back 118

With the scrubber

Front 119

IG What protects our IG system form fire and explosion?

Back 119

Deck water seal.

Front 120

IG How do we differentiate the wet type tank, from a semi wet from a dry type tank?

Back 120

The wet type has no additional tank
Semi wet has tank on right side
dry type has tank on the left

Front 121

IG What type of liquid is in the liquid breaker?

Back 121

Antifreeze (Freshwater glycol mixture)

Front 122

IG What does the scrubber do?

Back 122

It cleans and cools the gas.

Front 123

IG What does the deck seal do?

Back 123

Prevent backflow of hydrocarbon gasses.

Front 124

IG What is the percentage of hydrocarbons to stay out of the flammable range?

Back 124

Less than 2%

Front 125

CC Where is the volume or quantity noted?

Back 125

Bill of lading or certificate of quantity

Front 126

CC Who owns the cargo?

Back 126

The charterer.

Front 127

CC When does the point of transfer occur?

Back 127

When the cargo passes hose and manifold into the terminal.

Front 128

CC What type of measurement equipment on–board vessel?

Back 128

Open tank gauging tapes
gauging bobs
water indicating paste
product indicating paste
thermometers
closed gauging devices
temperature probes
sample bottles
sample bottle container assembly

Front 129

CC What could affect our cargo measurement?

Back 129

Structure of the cargo tank (location of gauging point)
Internal Framing members
Deadrise
Turn of the bilge
Cargo pipelines

Front 130

CC What is an ullage?

Back 130

Measurement from the top of the liquid to the top of the tank.

Front 131

CC What is innage?

Back 131

The amount of the liquid in the tank (top of liquid to bottom of the tank)

Front 132

CC If we're going around checking for water, what are we doing?

Back 132

It is a water cut, or we're theiveing the tanks

Front 133

CC Slide 20, Tank Gauging

Back 133

ullage (top)
Innage (inside)
Thievage/ watercut (water in tank)

Front 134

CC What's another name for calibration tables?

Back 134

"Strappings"

Front 135

CC What kind of correction in calibration (strappings)?

Back 135

list or trim

Front 136

CC What kind of repeat–ability should be in the calibration (strappings) tables?

Back 136

All the measurements should be the same

Front 137

CC What is easier to take off, list or trim?

Back 137

List

Front 138

CC What is a line sample?

Back 138

Normally taken at a manifold at the initial start of cargo ops

Front 139

CC running sample?

Back 139

In slide

Front 140

CC Composite sample

Back 140

In slides

Front 141

CC One foot sample?

Back 141

Initial loading stopped, await lab results before resuming

Front 142

CC Cargo calculation formula

Back 142

Check slide "Cargo Calculations" Convert gross barrels to net barrels.

Look at table (API and Temperature) for conversion rate and multiply conversion rate X Gross barrels

Front 143

CC Where do we find list and trim corrections?

Back 143

Calibration tables

Front 144

CC What is trim?

Back 144

Difference between forward and after draft

Front 145

CC Fresh water allowance?

Back 145

We measure density with hydrometer and the number of inches.... (look at slide)

Front 146

CC Hogging?

Back 146

Weights at fore and aft.

Front 147

CC Can vessel withstand more stresses in harbor or sea?

Back 147

harbor

Front 148

CC Sagging?

Back 148

Weights centered in center of vessel. (U shape)

Front 149

CC What is the formula to find how many barrels of oil you expect to load?

Back 149

[Cargo barrels] – [(Cargo barrels)(coefficient of expansion)(change in temp)]

Coefficient of expansion – .0006 Gasoline
Coefficient of expansion – .0005 Deseil Oil

Front 150

ES What is a static accumulator

Back 150

a liquid which retains an electrostatic discharge

Front 151

ES static accumulator examples

Back 151

Natural gasoline's, Kerosene's, White spirits, Motor and aviation gasoline's, Jet fuels, Naphtha's, Clean diesel oils, Heating oils, Lubricating oils

Front 152

ES 3 stages of static accumulation

Back 152

charge separation, charge accumulation, electrostatic discharge

Front 153

ES How long is the rest period after loading to protect against electrostatic discharge?

Back 153

30 min

Front 154

ES What's a substitute for a bonding cable?

Back 154

Insulating flange

Front 155

ES When cars run, their tires and bodies are usually charged by _______. For gasoline tankers, if the accumulated charge is large enough, _______can be produced and _________ will occur if gasoline vapor is ignited. Those metal chains conduct the charge on the bodies of tankers to the _______ and avoid the danger.

Back 155

Friction, sparks, explosion, ground

Front 156

TO What is the most critical point of the cargo operation?

Back 156

Topping off.

Front 157

TO What is overfill?

Back 157

98.5%

Front 158

TO What is a high level alarm?

Back 158

95%

Front 159

TO How much prior notice must be given to terminal representative before topping off?

Back 159

As much notice as possible: Must give shore/terminal plenty of advanced notice – 30/15/5 minutes to completion – rate change – standby valve/pump.

Front 160

PR Most common oil spills are caused by?

Back 160

Human error

Front 161

PR What is the weakest link in a cargo transfer, and what should we never do during transfer?

Back 161

never close manifold at full pressure of the dock, and the cargo hose is the weakest link

Front 162

PR Who is responsible for bunkering?

Back 162

2nd mate

Front 163

PR Who's the first person to notify in case of a spill?

Back 163

The US Coast Guard

Front 164

PR What are the 6 annexes from MARPOL?

Back 164

Annex I = Regulation for the prevention of pollution by oilAnnex II = Regulations for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substance
Annex III = Regulations for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried in package form
Annex IV = Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships
Annex V = Regulations for prevention of pollution by garbage from ships
Annex VI = Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships

Front 165

PR Who has to sign the oil record book?

Back 165

The Master

Front 166

PR How long is the IOPP certificate good for?

Back 166

5 years

Front 167

PR If you're carrying a noxious liquid substance (Annex II)?

Back 167

Cargo record book

Front 168

PR Where is Annex I cargo recorded?

Back 168

oil record book

Front 169

PR The manual should contain the following info and instructions:

Back 169

A list of NLS cargoes the vessel is certified to carry and cargo specific information

A list of cargo tanks and noxious liquid substances that may be carried


A description of the equipment and arrangements in the cargo system including the following:

Front 170

PR Special Areas (Annex 1)?

Back 170

North Sea– Baltic Sea
– Mediterranean Sea
– Black Sea
– Red Sea
– Gulfs area
– Antarctica
– Caribbean

Front 171

PR special areas Annex II noxious liquid substance?

Back 171

Black Sea and the Baltic Sea

Front 172

PR What's the maximum quantity amount we can dispose per oil content monitor?

Back 172

15 ppm (15 nm from land and rate of 30 liters per nm)

Front 173

TC What are shadowed areas?

Back 173

Some areas shielded from spray due to the structure of the tank.

Front 174

TC What's the normal cycle period?

Back 174

30 min.

Front 175

TC What are some advantages of a fixed machine?

Back 175

Greater throughput and jet lengthBetter for larger cargo tanks
Reduction in labor and manpower required for portable units
Easier to control tank atmosphere (closed system)
Programmable and non–programmable units

Front 176

TC What is the normal operating pressure for crude oil washing system?

Back 176

110 – 150 psi

Front 177

TC What are some of the advantages for crude oil washing?

Back 177

Saves time as the “COW” can commence early in the discharge operationsNewly exposed crude is removed before it can cool and solidify
Washing in stages reduces the use of stripping system.

Front 178

TC What are the methods of crude oil washing?

Back 178

Bleed–off method

Dedicated pump method (with recycled oil)

Front 179

TC How to prevent electrostatic discharge when washing tanks?

Back 179

When your planning to use the crude oil washing system on your tank ship – the tank used as the source for the tank cleaning machines should be de–bottomed for at least one meter to prevent electrostatic buildup in the tanks*****

Front 180

TC Slop tank requirements

Back 180

On new construction, tank vessels under 70,000 dwt must have one slop tank and over 70,000 dwt have two slop tanks.

Front 181

TC Supplemental methods of cleaning?

Back 181

Hand hosing – areas of tanks where machines had missed can be spot cleaned with a 1 ½ inch hose under pressure

Mucking – removal of scale, sediment, sludge, and other physical residue. Proper protective gear required


Steaming – sometimes necessary to steam tanks as part of the cleaning process. Tanks need to be inerted or gas free.


Cleaning Chemicals – spraying, injecting, or re–circulating. Toxicity and safety precautions need to be followed

Front 182

TC Different tank coatings?

Back 182

Epoxy coatingCoal–tar epoxy
Zinc coatings
Polyurethane
Stainless Steel

Front 183

GFM How long is the tank testing method good for?

Back 183

The time youre taking it

Front 184

GFM How do I know the tank is gas free?

Back 184

It has to be properly tested

Front 185

GFM What does an air mover or air horn look like?

Back 185

Like a horn (slide 8)

Front 186

GFM What is an enclosed space?

Back 186

is defined as one with restricted access that is not subject to continuous ventilation, and in which the atmosphere may be hazardous due to the presence of hydrocarbon, toxic or inert gas, or oxygen deficiency. Such spaces include, but are not limited to, cargo, slop, ballast, water, fuel, lube oil, waste oil, and sewage tanks, cofferdams, duct keels, void spaces, trunkings, pipelines, inert gas scrubbers and deck seals, and any other item of machinery or equipment that is not routinely ventilated and entered, such as boilers and main engine crankcases. A pumproom is not, therefore, an enclosed space as such, although entry precautions, are required.

Front 187

GFM What is the purpose of an oxygen indicator or an oxygen analyzer?

Back 187

An Oxygen Indicator is an instrument that measures the amount of oxygen in a confined space.

Front 188

GFM What indicates a concentration of flammable gas is over the flammable range?

Back 188

If the PIC is testing a tank that contained gasoline and during the test, the sample caused the needle to move rapidly to 100 on the dial and then fall to zero – this indicates that the concentration of flammable gas is over the flammable range

Front 189

GFM Benzine permissible exposure limit?

Back 189

1ppm

Front 190

GFM Who certifies the marine chemist?

Back 190

National Fire protection Association

Front 191

GFM What does a tank access point look like?

Back 191

Slide 57

Front 192

GFM What is the standby person's role?

Back 192

Monitor the person in the tank