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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contraindications to exercise in cardiac rehabilitation
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Unstable angina
Resting SBP >200 Resting DBP >100, Orthostatic drop/exercise drop 20mmHg Mod-Severe aortic stenosis Resting HR >120 Acute systemic illness or fever Uncontrolled atrial/ventricular dysrhythmia Uncontrolled CHF 3rd degree AV block Acute pericarditis/myocarditis Recent embolism Resting ST displacement > 2mm Uncontrolled DM |
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In general, the rate of heart disease in sedentary individuals is ____ that of active individuals
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twice
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Effect of exercise on mortality in patients after cardiac event/surgery
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in general decreases mortality by about 30% but not directy from cardiac causes
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Would you ever use exercise with medical management over percutaneous stent placement for treatment of CAD?
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Yes, In stable patients exercise/medical management may acutally have a mortality and O2 uptake benefit over PCI.
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Is execise training thought to significantly decrease the mortality rate of patients with chronic heart failure?
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yes (no unclear if this changes with b-blocker and defibrillators)
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The NNT with exercise to prevent one cardiac death in 2 years in patients with chronic heart failure is ____ (ExTraMATCH trial)
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NNT = 17
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List the 4 hypothesized ways that exercise is beneficial in cardiac disease
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- correction of endothelial dysfunction
- regression of coronary atherosclerosis - collateral formation - promotion of vasculogensis by stem cells |
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Vasorelaxation of arteries is largely dependent on the regulation of production vs. degradation of ____
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nitric oxide
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In vessels nitric oxide is produced by
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nitric oxide synthase
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In vessels, nitric oxide is generally degraded by
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reactive oxygen species
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Nitric oxide half life is controlled by
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reactive oxygen species
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The precursor of nitric oxide is
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L-Arginine
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True or false...patients with coronary artery disease produce more reactive oxygen species than the average patient
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true
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True or false...patients with coronary artery disease have decreased vasomotion?
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true
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2 main ways that vacular lesions repair themselves
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- stem cells (endothelial progenitor cells)
- outgrowth of adjacent endothelial and smooth muscle cells |
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Describe the molecular alterations that occur to improve endothelial function in patients with heart disease after exercise training
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* overall increased NO and decreased reactive oxygen species by:
- increased eNOS expression - increased AKT-mediated eNOS phosphorylation - decreased expression of p22phox and gp91phox - decreased NADPHoxidase activity - decreased AT-R1 expression |
