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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The First Amendment protects American’s rights to freedom of religion and ____.
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freedom of expression
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The Supreme Court has held that this form of speech is not protected by the First Amendment and may be forbidden by the government: ____.
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perjury
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Miller v. California is the Supreme Court case that established a test to determine ____
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if material is obscene
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The problem with the Communications Decency Act was its broad language and vague definition of ____, resulting in the Act being ruled unconstitutional.
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indecency
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after a three judge federal panel ruled unanimously that the Communications Decency Act unconstitutionally restricted ____, the government appealed to the Supreme Court in a case that became known as Reno v. ACLU.
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free speech
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Privacy advocacy groups such as the Electronic Privacy Information Center, the ACLU, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation claimed that the language in the Child Online Protection Act was overly vague and limited the ability of ____ to access material protected under the First Amendment.
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adults
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The ____ Act is still in effect and has not been ruled unconstitutional.
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Children’s Internet Protection
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Organizations may direct their network administrators to install a(n) ____ on employee’s computers to prevent them from viewing sites that contain pornography or other objectionable material.
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Internet filter
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In the Internet Content Rating Association’s Web site rating scheme, ____ fill out an online questionnaire to describe the content of the Web site.
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Web site authors
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The Children’s Internet Protection Act ____.
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attempted to protect children from accessing pornography and other explicit material online
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Proponents of the Children’s Internet Protection Act argued that ____.
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schools and libraries could elect to not implement the program, they just would not receive Federal money for Internet access
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Implementing the Children’s Internet Protection Act is more difficult for a library than a school because ____.
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the library’s services are open to people of all ages
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In United States v. American Library Association, the Supreme Court, in a 6-3 decision, held that public libraries ____.
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must purchase filtering software and comply with all portions of the Children’s Internet Protection Act
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Anonymous expression is ____.
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the expression of opinions by people who do not reveal their identity
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Anonymous expression in the U.S. began around the time of ____.
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the American Revolution
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____ was a printer who was prosecuted for seditious libel because s(he) refused to reveal the names of anonymous authors whose writings were critical of the governor of new York.
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John Zenger
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A pamphlet called ____ was published by Thomas Paine and critiqued the British monarchy and urged the colonies to become independent.
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Common Sense
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One of the first rulings by the Supreme Court to address anonymity as an aspect of the Bill or Rights was the 1958 case ____.
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NAACP v. Alabama
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In U.S. Navy v. America Online, a sailor used a pseudonym to post information that ____
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suggested that he might be gay
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A(n) ____ is a numeric identifier assigned to each computer connected to the Internet.
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IP address
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Internet users who want to remain anonymous can send e-mail to a(n) ____ service, which uses software to strip the originating IP address from the message.
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anonymous remailer
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An organization’s IT department can set up a(n) ____ to prohibit employees from accessing remailers.
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firewall
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The use of a remailer keeps communications anonymous; what is communicated, and whether it is ethical or legal, ____.
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is up to the user of the remailer
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A(n) ____ is often filed against a defendant whose identity is temporarily unknown
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John Doe lawsuit
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In the United States, speech that is merely annoying, critical, demeaning, or offensive enjoys protection under the First Amendment. Legal recourse is possible only when that speech turns into clear threats and intimidation against ____.
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specific citizens
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