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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
ACOUSTICS |
THE STUDY OF SOUND. SCIENCE OF SOUND. |
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SOUND |
● A DISTURBANCE THAT TRAVELS THROUGH A MEDIUM AS A LONGITUDINAL WAVE. ● A SENSATION FELT BY THE BRAIN RESULTING FROM THE DISTANCE OF MOLECULES IN THE AIR. |
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DECIBEL |
A LOGARITHMIC UNIT OF SOUND INTENSITY. A MEASUREMENT OF THE INTENSITY OF SOUND. |
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0 dB, 15 dB, 60 dB |
ON THE DECIBEL: ● NEAR TOTAL SILENCE ____. ● A WHISPER___. ● NORMAL CONVERSATION ___. |
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110 dB, 120 dB, 140 dB |
ON THE DECIBEL: ● A CAR HORN____. ● A ROCK CONCERT OR JET ENGINE____. ● A GUNSHOT OR FIRECRACKER_____. |
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ABOVE 80 dB |
INTENSITY OF SOUND THAT CAN CAUSE HEARING LOSS. |
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SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL ( SPL ) |
IS THE RATIO OF THE ABSOLUTE, SOUND PRESSURE AND A REFERENCE LEVEL ( USUALLY THE THRESHOLD OF HEARING OR THE LOWEST INTENSITY SOUND THAT CAN BE HEARD BY MOST PEOPLE ). |
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PASCAL ( Pa ) |
SI METRIC UNIT FOR SOUND PRESSURE. IT IS EQUAL TO A FORCE OF ONE NEWTON PER SQUARE METER. |
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SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL METER |
MEASURES AMBIENT NOISE IN THE ENVIRONMENT. INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE SOUND PRESSURE. |
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REFLECTION |
THE BOUNCING BACK OF A WAVE WHEN IT HITS A SURFACE THROUGH WHICH IT CANNOT PASS. |
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REVERBERATION |
THE PERSISTENCE OF A SOUND AFTER ITS SOURCE HAS STOPPED. |
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HARD |
____ SURFACE MATERIALS HAVE LONG REVERBERATION SOUND COMPARE TO THE ABSORPTIVE MATERIALS. |
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REVERBERATION TIME |
THE TIME IT TAKES FOR A SOUND PRODUCED IN AN ENCLOSED SPACE TO DECREASE TO 1/1000TH OF ITS ORGINAL PRESSURE. THE TIME IT TAKES FOR THE REGENERATION OR SOUND WAVE REFLECTION TO DISAPPEAR. |
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SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS ( STC ) |
A SINGLE NUMBER RATING OF THE SOUND INSULATION RATING OF A PARTITION. |
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TRANSMISSION LOSS ( TL ) |
IS THE MEASURE OF SOUND INSULATION OF A PARTITION. THE HIGHER THE NUMBER, THE GREATER THE INSULATION VALUE. |
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SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT |
● THE AMOUNT OF SOUND THAT A MATERIAL WILL ABSORB. FROM 0 TO 1 ● 0 IS WORSE, 1 IS BETTER ● FRACTION OF SOUND ENERGY ABSORBED. |
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0.01 - 0.02 |
HARD MATERIAL LIKE TILE AND GLASS HAS A SMALLER COEFFICIENT RANGE FROM ____. |
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DIFFUSE REFLECTION |
THE REFLECTION OF WAVES IN MANY DIRECTIONS FROM A ROUGH SURFACE. |
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INCIDENT RAY |
THE RAY THAT COMES FROM AN OBJECT AND STRIKES A SURFACE. |
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ANGLE OF INCIDENCE |
THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE INCIDENT RAY AND THE NORMAL. |
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ANGLE OF REFLECTION |
THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE REFLECTED RAY AND THE NORMAL. |
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REFLECTED RAY |
THE LIGHT RAY THAT BOUNCES OFF A SURFACE. |
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SOUND REFLECTION |
SOUND IS BOUNCED OFF A SURFACE. THIS USUALLY OCCURS ON FLAT, RIGID SURFACES WITH A LOT OF MASS LIKE CONCRETE OR BRICK WALLS. BECAUSE THE SOUND WAVE CANT PENETRATE VERY FAR INTO THE SURFACE, THE WAVE IS TURNED BACK ON ITSELF LIKE A RICOCHET. THE SOUND BOUNCING BACK OFF THE SURFACE CREATES AN ECHO. |
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SOUND ABSORPTION |
THE PROCESS OF DISSIPATING SOUND ENERGY BY CONVERTING IT TO HEAT. |
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SOUND DIFFUSION |
WHEN SOUND TRAVELS IN ALL DIRECTIONS. WHEN A SOUND WAVE HITS AN IRREGULAR SURFACE LIKE FOAM OR CARPET, THE VIBRATION BREAKS UP AND TRAVELS ALONG MANY MUCH SMALLER PATHS. |
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THERMAL INSULATION |
A MATERIAL PROVIDING HIGH RESISTANCE TO HEAT FLOW. |
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ACOUSTIC INSULATION |
A MATERIAL THAT REDUCED TRANSMISSION OF UNWANTED DIRECT SOUND WAVES FROM THE SOURCE TO AN INVOLUNTARY LISTENER THROUGH THE USE OF DISTANCE AND INTERVENING OBJECTS IN THE SOUND PATH. |
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NOISE REDUCTION COEFFICIENT ( NRC ) |
IT IS THE SINGLE NUMBER RATING SYSTEM USED TO COMPARE THE SOUND-ABSORBING CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDING MATERIALS. |
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SABIN |
UNIT OF SOUND ABSORPTION EQUIVALENT TO 1 SQUARE FOOT OF PERFECTLY ABSORPTIVE MATERIAL. |
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ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE |
RESISTANCE A MATERIAL PROVIDES TO THE PASSAGE OF SOUND WAVES. |
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SOUND INTENSITY |
ALSO KNOWN AS ACOUSTIC INTENSITY IS DEFINED AS THE POWER CARRIED BY SOUND WAVES PER UNIT AREA. |
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AUDIO FREQUENCY ( AF ) |
ANY FREQUENCY AUDIBLE TO THE HUMAN EAR. |
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HERTZ ( HZ ) |
THE UNIT OF FREQUENCY, EQUAL TO ONE CYCLE PER SECOND. |
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AMPLITUDE |
THE HEIGHT OF A WAVES CREST OR ITS THE FLUCTUATIONS OR DISPLACEMENT OF A WAVE FROM ITS MEAN VALUE. |
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CANDELAS ( cd ) |
IS THE BASE UNIT OF LUMINOUS INTENSITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS; THAT IS, LUMINOUS POWER PER UNIT SOLID ANGLE EMITTED BY A POINT LIGHT SOURCE IN A PARTICULAR DIRECTION. |
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LUMINOUS FLUX |
THE RATE OF FLOW OF LIGHT THROUGH A SURFACE. QUANTITY OF LIGHT IN LUMENS. |
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LUMEN ( lm ) |
● A MEASUREMENT OF THE BRIGHTNESS OF LIGHT. ● THE BRIGHTNESS OF PROJECTOR DEVICES IS RATED IN THESE UNITS. |
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LUMINOUS INTENSITY |
LIGHT EMITTED TOWARDS A SPECIFIC DIRECTION WITHIN A GIVEN ANGLE. THE INTENSITY OF A LIGHT SOURCE, MEASURED IN CANDELAS. |
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ILLUMINANCE |
THE RATE AT WHICH LIGHT STRIKES A SURFACE, OR FALLS ON A UNIT AREA. IS MEASURED IN LUMENS PER SQUARE METER OR LUX, LX. |
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LUMINANCE |
LIGHT REFLECTED TO THE EYES. |
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FOOTCANDLE |
A UNIT OF ILLUMINATION EQUAL TO 1 LUMEN PER SQUARE FOOT. THE AMOUNT OF VISIBLE LIGHT FALLING ON A SURFACE. |
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WATTS |
A MEASURE OF THE TOTAL POWER OUTPUT OF A LIGHT SOURCE. |
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LUMEN |
A MEASURE OF THE TOTAL VISIBLE LIGHT OUTPUT OF A LIGHT SOURCE. |
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CANDLEPOWER |
AN OBSOLETE TERM THAT HAS BEEN REPLACED BY " CANDELA ". |
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CANDELA |
A MEASURE OF THE INTENSITY OF A LIGHT SOURCE IN A PARTICULAR DIRECTION. |
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1 FOOTCANDLE |
1 LUMEN / FEET^2 = ______. |
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1 LUX |
1 LUMEN / METER^2 = _______. |
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1 LUMEN |
1 CANDLEPOWER = ______. |
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ABSORPTANCE |
THE RATIO OF LIGHT ABSORBED BY A MATERIAL TO THE LIGHT FALLING UPON IT. |
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REFLECTANCE |
THE PERCENTAGE OF LIGHT REFLECTED FROM A SURFACE. |
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REFLECTION FACTOR |
THE PERCENTAGE OF LIGHT FALLING ON A SURFACE THAT IS REFLECTED BY THAT SURFACE. |
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REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENT |
THE RATIO OF TOTAL REFLECTED LIGHT TO TOTAL INCIDENT LIGHT EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE. |
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SPECULAR REFLECTION |
A REFLECTION PRODUCED BY A SMOOTH SURFACE IN WHICH PARALLEL LIGHT RAYS ARE REFLECTED IN PARALLEL. " REGULAR REFLECTION " ( OBSERVED IN MIRROR ). |
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DIFFUSE REFLECTION |
REFLECTION OF LIGHT FROM A ROUGH SURFACE. REFLECTED LIGHT IS SCATTERED IN ALL DIRECTIONS. |
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DIRECT TRANSMISSION |
LIGHT PASSES THROUGH A CLEAR, TRANSPARENT MATERIALS. ANGLE AT WHICH THE LIGHT LEAVES THE SAME AS THAT AT WHICH ENTERS. |
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DIFFUSE TRANSMISSION |
EMERGING LIGHT SPEADS IN ALL DIRECTION. TRANSMITTED LIGHT IS SCATTERED EVENLY. |
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TRANSPARENT |
MATERIALS ALLOWING LIGHT TO PASS THROUGH. |
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TRANSLUCENT |
MATERIALS THAT IS PERMITTING LIGHT TO PASS THROUGH, BUT NOT TRANSPARENT. |
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OPAQUE |
MATERIALS THAT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE THROUGH. PREVENTING THE PASSAGE OF LIGHT. |
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FOOTLAMBERT ( FL ) |
UNIT OF BRIGHTNESS. |
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FOOTCANDLE, FOOTLAMBERT |
● WHEN ILLUMINATION IS ON SURFACE, THE LUMENS PER SQUARE FOOT ARE MEASURED AS _____. ● WHEN BRIGHTNESS IS FROM SURFACE, THE LUMENS PER SQUARE FOOT ARE MEASURED AS ____. |
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REFRACTION |
THE BENDING OF A LIGHT AS IT PASSES AT AN ANGLE FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER. |
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GLARE |
EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE BRIGHTNESS IN THE FIELD OF VIEW, CAUSING ANNOYANCE, DISCOMFORT AND INTERFERING VISIONS ( DIRECT FROM LIGHT / REFLECT FROM A SHINY SURFACE ). |
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REFLECTOR |
A DEVICE FOR REDIRECTING RADIANT ENERGY OF A LAMP BY REFLECTING IN THE DESIRED DIRECTION. |
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REFRACTOR |
A DEVICE FOR REDIRECTING RADIANT ENERGY OF A LAMP IN THE DESIRED DIRECTION BY REFRACTION THROUGH A LENSE. |
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LUMINAIRE |
COMPLETE LIGHTING UNIT / FIXTURE. |
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METAL HALLIDE LAMP |
● ALSO KNOWN AS " MH LAMP ". IT IS AN HID LAMP ( HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE ) WHICH MEANS ITS PROVIDE MOST OF ITS LIGHT FROM ELECTRIC ARC WITHIN A SMALL DISCHARGE TUBE. ● BEST LIGHT FOR STADIUMS, SPORTS FIELD PARKING LIGHTS AND STREET LIGHTING. ● MORE PURE WHITE THAN THE POPULAR HPS LIGHT AND MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT. GOOD FOR INDOOR ( HIGH CEILING APPLICATIONS ) AND OUTDOOR USE DUE TO GOOD LIGHT QUALITY. |
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LOW-PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP |
● THE FIRST SODIUM LAMP TO BE DEVELOPED. IT IS KNOWN BY ITS SIGNATURE MONOCHROMATIC YELLOW COLOR. ● A VERY EFFICIENT LAMP POWERFUL LAMP FOR USE OF LARGE AREAS. RESTARTS IMMEDIATELY IF THERE IS BROWN-OUT. LUMEN OUTPUT DOES NOT DROP WITH AGE. |
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HIGH-PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP |
● LIGHT IS A YELLOW-TINTED COLOR DUE TO THE SODIUM CONTAINED WITHIN THEM UNDER HIGH PRESSURE. ● THE MOST POPULAR LAMP FOR STREET LIGHTING. |
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MERCURY VAPOR LAMP |
● IS A GAS DISCHARGE LAMP THAT USES AN ELECTRIC ARC THROUGH VAPORIZED MERCURY TO PRODUCE LIGHT. ● IT USES AN ARC THROUGH VAPORIZED MERCURY IN A HIGH PRESSURE TUBE TO CREATE VERY BRIGHT LIGHT DIRECTLY FROM ITS OWN ARC. |
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INCANDESCENT LAMPS |
● IS AN ELECTRIC LIGHT WITH A WIRE FILAMENT HEATED TO SUCH A HIGH TEMPERATURE THAT IT GLOWS. ● INEXPENSIVE, COMPACT, EASY TO DIM, & WARM COLOR RENDITION. LOW EFFICACY, SHORT LAMP LIFE, & HIGH HEAT OUTPUT. ● LIGHT PRODUCED BY HEAT. |
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COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS |
● IS A TYPE OF FLUORESCENT LAMP GENERALLY DESIGNED AS A REPLACEMENT FOR INCANDESCENT OR HALOGEN LAMPS. ● A TYPE OF LAMP DESIGNED TO FIT INTO ROUGHLY THE SAME SPACE OF A FLUORESCENT BUT HAS A FLUORESCENCE ADVANTAGE. IT HAS A LONGER LIFE, AND USES LESS ENERGY. ● COILED TUBES ABOUT THE SIZE OF A REGULAR INCANDESCENT BULB. |
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HALOGEN LAMPS |
● ALSO KNOWN AS A TUNGSTEN HALOGEN, QUARTZ-HALOGEN OR QUARTZ IODINE LAMP, IS AN INCANDESCENT LAMP CONSISTING OF A TUNGSTEN FILAMENT SEALED INTO A COMPACT TRANSPARENT ENVELOPE THAT IS FILLED WITH A MIXTURE OF AN INERT GAS AND A SMALL AMOUNT OF A HALOGEN SUCH AS IODINE OR BROMINE. ● LAMPS USED FOR CASTING COLORED LIGHT FROM A SPOTLIGHT. |
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FLUORESCENT TUBE |
● IS A GAS DISCHARGE TUBE THAT USES A FLUORESCENCE TO PRODUCE VISIBLE LIGHT. LUMINOUS EFFICIENCY OF A FLUORESCENT TUBE IS ABOUT 45 TO 100 LUMENS PER WATT. ● A TYPE OF ENERGY SAVING LAMP. ● A LIGHT SOURCE IN WHICH LIGHT IS PRODUCED BY THE ACTIVATION OF FLORESCENT POWDER ( PHOSPHUR ) COATED ON THE INNER SURFACE OF A GLASS TUBE. |
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NEON LAMPS |
● IS A MINIATURE GAS DISCHARGE LAMP. THE LAMP TYPICALLY CONSISTS OF A SMALL GLASS CAPSULE THAT CONTAINS A MIXTURE OF NEON AND OTHER GASES AT A LOW PRESSURE AND TWO ELECTRODES ( AN ANODE AND A CATHODE ). ● EMITS DIFFERENT COLORS DUE TO DIFFERENT GASES. ● CAN BE MANUFACTURED IN VARIOUS SHAPES. USED FOR SIGNS AND SPECIALTY ACCENT. CAN PRODUCE A VARIETY OF COLORS. |
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INDIRECT LIGHTING |
LIGHTING SHINING OVER A SPACE RATHER THAN AT A CERTAIN PLACE. TYPE OF LIGHTING SYSTEM WHERE 90-100% OF LIGHT OUTPUT IS DIRECTED TO THE CEILING AND UPPER WALLS OF THE ROOM. |
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SEMI-DIRECT LIGHTING |
LIGHT SOURCE THAT FOCUSES OF 60-90% OF ITS LIGHT DOWNWARD AND THE REST TOWARD THE CEILING. |
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DIFFUSE LIGHTING |
LIGHT THAT HAS BEEN SPREAD OUT TO COVER A LARGE AREA AND HAS A NEUTRAL COLOR. |
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DIRECT LIGHTING |
LIGHTING THAT SHINES DIRECTLY TOWARD AN OBJECT. TYPE OF LIGHTING SYSTEM WHERE 90-100% OF LIGHT OUTPUT IS DIRECTED TO THE OBJECT. |
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GENERAL LIGHTING |
TYPES OF LIGHTING THAT DEALS WITH LIGHTING RELATIVELY LARGE AREA COVERED. LIGHTING THAT PROVIDES A UNIFORM LEVEL OF LIGHT THROUGHOUT A ROOM. ALSO CALLED AMBIENT LIGHTING. |
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LOCALIZED LIGHTING |
A LIGHTING TECHNIQUE THAT ALLOWS A USER TO POSITION LIGHT SOURCES WHERE THEY ARE NEEDED AND AT THE APPROPRIATE ILLUMINATION LEVEL. |
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COVE LIGHTING |
ILLUMINATION TECHNIQUE MOUNTED ON A WALL OR CEILING, DIRECTING THE LIGHT UP TOWARD THE CEILING. |
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CORNICE LIGHTING |
A LIGHTING SYSTEM THAT SHIELDS A LIGHT BY A PANEL PARALLEL TO THE WALL, WHICH IS ATTACHED TO THE CEILING, GIVING A DOWNWARD LIGHTING. |
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VALANCE LIGHTING |
A LIGHTING SYSTEM THAT SHIELDS THE LIGHT BY A PANEL PARALLEL TO THE WALL, THAT PROVIDES BOTH UPWARD AND DOWNWARD LIGHTING. |
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TRACK LIGHTING |
LIGHTING PROVIDED BY ADJUSTABLE SPOTLIGHTS MOUNTED ALONG A NARROW CEILING OR WALL MOUNTED METAL TRACK THROUGH WHICH CURRENT IS CONDUCTED. |
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CHANDELIER |
A LIGHT FIXTURE THAT HOLDS MANY BULBS AND HANGS FROM THE CEILING. |
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PENDANT LIGHT |
A LIGHTING FIXTURE SUSPENDED FROM THE CEILING. IT HANGS FROM THE CEILING USUALLY SUSPENDED BY A CORD, CHAIN, OR METAL ROD. |
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SCONCE |
IS A TYPE OF LIGHT FIXTURE AFFIXED TO A WALL IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT USES ONLY THE WALL FOR SUPPORT, AND THE LIGHT IS USUALLY DIRECTED UPWARDS, BUT NOT ALWAYS. |
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TORCHIERE |
A FLOOR LAMP HAVING ITS LIGHT SOURCE WITHIN A REFLECTING BOWL THAT DIRECTS LIGHT UPWARD. |
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BRIDGE LAMP |
A SMALL FLOOR LAMP USUALLY WITH AN ADJUSTABLE ARM. |
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DROPLIGHT |
A LIGHTING FIXTURE SUSPENDED FROM A CEILING OR WALL BY A FLEXIBLE CORD, BY WHICH IT CAN BE RAISED OR LOWERED. |
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FLOOD LIGHT |
IS A BROAD-BEAMED, HIGH-INTENSITY ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. THEY ARE OFTEN USED TO ILLUMINATE OUTDOOR PLAYING FIELDS WHILE AN OUTDOOR SPORTS EVENT IS BEING HELD DURING LOW-LIGHT CONDITIONS. |
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TROFFER LIGHTING |
IS A RECTANGULAR LIGHT FIXTURE THAT FITS INTO A MODULAR DROPPED CEILING GRID ( I.E. 2' BY 2' BY 4' ). IT HAVE TYPICALLY BEEN DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE STANDARD FLUORESCENT LAMPS ( T12, T8, OR T5 ), BUT ARE NOW OFTEN DESIGNED WITH INTEGRAL LED SOURCES. |
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DIMMERS |
CONTROLS THE CHANGE THE LEVEL OF LIGHTING INTENSITY. |
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SMART LIGHTING |
IS A LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY DESIGNED FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY. THIS MAY INCLUDE HIGH EFFICIENCY FIXTURES AND AUTOMATED CONTROLS THAT MAKE ADJUSTMENTS BASED ON CONDITIONS SUCH AS OCCUPANCY OR DAYLIGHT AVAILABILITY. |
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LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE ( LED ) |
IS A SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT SOURCE THAT EMITS LIGHT WHEN CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH IT. |
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DIFFUSE BULBS |
TYPES OF LED BULB: |
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DIMMABLE LED GLOBE BULBS |
TYPES OF LED BULB: |
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LED TRACK LIGHT |
TYPES OF LED BULB: |
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CANDELABRA BASE LED |
TYPES OF LED BULB: |
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LED TUBE LIGHTS |
TYPES OF LED BULB: |
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CFL BALLAST |
A SMALL CIRCUIT BOARD IN CFL THAT REGULATES THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY AND ENSURES THAT THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF ENERGY IS BEING USED TO CREATE LIGHT. |
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SPIRAL LAMPS |
TYPE OF LED BULB:
THIS TYPE OF LED HAVE A TUBE THAT CURLS AROUND IN A BULB-LIKE SHAPES. |
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TRIPLE TUBE LAMPS |
TYPES OF LED BULB:
THESE FEATURES THREE TUBES IN A "U" SHAPE, RATHER THAN A CURLY BULB. |
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STANDARD LAMPS |
TYPES OF LED BULB:
THESE ARE IDENTICAL TO CFL SPIRAL BULBS, EXCEPT THEY ALSO FEATURE A DOME COVER. |
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GLOBE LAMPS |
TYPES OF LED BULB:
ARE LIKE STANDARD LAMPS, EXCEPT WITH A LARGER DOME COVER. THEY ARE COMMONLY USED IN BATHROOM VANITY MIRRORS. |
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LED STRIP LIGHT |
ALSO KNOWN AS LED TAPE LIGHT OR RIBBON LIGHTS. |
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SOFT WHITE / WARM WHITE |
COLOR TEMPERATURE FOR LIGHT BULBS:
● THE DEGREES IN KELVIN IS RANGING FROM 2700K - 3000K. ● BEST FOR BEDROOMS AND LIVING ROOMS. PROVIDING A TRADITIONAL WARM AND COZY FEEL. |
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BRIGHT WHITE / COOL WHITE |
COLOR TEMPERATURE FOR LIGHT BULBS:
● THE DEGREES IN KELVIN IS RANGING FROM 3500K - 4100K. ● BEST FOR KITCHENS, BATHROOMS, OR GARAGES. GIVING ROOMS A WHITER, MORE ENERGETIC FEEL. |
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DAYLIGHT |
COLOR TEMPERATURE FOR LIGHT BULBS:
● THE DEGREES IN KELVIN IS RANGING FROM 5000K - 6500K. ● BEST FOR BATHROOMS, KITCHEN AND BASEMENTS. GOOD FOR READING, INTRICATE PROJECTS OR APPLYING MAKE-UP. PROVIDES THE GREATEST CONTRAST AMONG COLORS. |
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WARM WHITE |
TYPE OF COLOR LIGHTING THAT PROMOTES RELAXATION AND COZY FEELING, RELAXING FOR THE EYES AND OFTEN THE SKIN TONE AND REDUCES IMPERFECTIONS. |
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COOL WHITE |
TYPE OF COLOR LIGHTING THAT WILL BRING THE TRUE COLOR OF AN OBJECT FURTHERMORE IT IS MORE LUMINOUS THAN WARM WHITE. |
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COLOR RENDERING INDEX ( CRI ) |
● MEASUREMENT SHOWING EFFECT OF A LIGHT SOURCE ON THE COLOR OF OBJECTS BASED ON A 0 TO 100 SCALE. ● IS A SCALE FROM 0 TO 100 % INDICATING HOW ACCURATE A "GIVEN" LIGHT SOURCE IS AT RENDERING COLOR WHEN COMPARED TO A "REFERENCE" LIGHT SOURCE. THE HIGHER THE CRI, THE BETTER THE COLOR RENDERING ABILITY. |
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85 TO 90 |
LIGHT SOURCES WITH A CRI OF ____ TO ____ ARE CONSIDERED GOOD AT COLOR RENDERING. |
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100 |
ACCORDING TO CRI, THOSE LIGHTS WITH A CRI CLOSER TO ____ HAVE AN ABILITY TO SHOW TRUE COLORS ACROSS A WIDE SPECTRUM. |
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TASK LIGHTING |
ILLUMINATION THAT IS SPECIFIC TO EACH TASK PERFORMED IN A SPACE. |
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ACCENT LIGHTING |
A FORM OF LIGHTING THAT SERVES AS A HIGHLIGHT. LIGHTING USED PRIMARILY TO DRAW ATTENTION TO PARTICULAR POINTS OF INTEREST. |
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20 TO 20000 HZ |
A HEALTHY PAIR OF HUMAN EAR HAS A DETECTION RANGE OF_____. |
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344 M / SEC |
SOUND TRAVELS IN AIR, AT SEA LEVEL, IN ___ M / SEC. |
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FREQUENCY |
THE NUMBER OF CYCLES PER UNIT TIME OF A WAVE OR OSCILLATIONS EXPRESSED IN HERTZ OF CYCLES PER SECOND. |
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ECHO |
DELAYED SOUND HEARD A FRACTION OF A SECOND AFTER THE DIRECTION OF SOUND IS HEARD. |
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FLUTTER |
IS PERCIEVED AS A BUZZING OR CLICKING SOUND, AND IT IS COMPRISED OF REPEATED ECHOES TRAVERSING BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN TWO NON-ABSORBING PARALLEL SURFACES. |
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FIBROUS MATERIALS |
A DEVICE USED FOR SOUND ABSORPTION. |
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CREEP |
THIS DESCRIBES THE REFLECTION OF SOUND ALONG A CURVED SURFACE NEAR THE SURFACE. |
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40 dB |
IT IS THE LIMIT FOR COMFORTABLE HEARING. |
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OMNIDIRECTIONAL MIC |
IT IS A TYPE OF MICROPHONE WHICH EQUALLY SENSITIVE SOUND ARRIVING AT IT FROM ANY DIRECTION. |
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PHOTOMETRY |
THE SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT. |
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MHO |
USED IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. THE RECIPROCAL OG OHM. |
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INVERSE SQUARE LAW |
SOUND INTENSITY VARIES INVERSELY WITH THE SQUARE OF THE DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE. |
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DROPPLER EFFECT |
AN APPARENT SHIFT IN THE FREQUENCY OCCURING WHEN AN ACOUSTIC SOURCE AND LISTENER ARE IN MOTION RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER. THE FREQUENCY INCREASING WHEN THE SOURCE AND THE LISTENER APPROACH EACH OTHER AND DECREASING WHEN THEY MOVE APART. |
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PSYCHO ACOUSTICS |
THE STUDY OF REACTIONS OF HUMANS TO AUDIBLE SOUND. |
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ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS |
STUDY OF EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT UPON AUDIBLE SOUND. |
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ELECTRO ACOUSTICS |
STUDY OF SOUND GENERATED BY EQUIPNEMT. |
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WAVELENGTH |
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO SIMILAR POINTS IN SUCCESSION, WAVES TRAVELING IN ONE CYCLE. |
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MAGNITUDE |
THE AMOUNT OF SOUND ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE SOURCE. |
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SOUND FOCI |
THE REFLECTED SOUND THAT GATHERS IN A CENTRAL PORTION OF THE ROOM. |
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DEAD ROOM |
CHARACTERIZED BY LARGE AMOUNTS OF ABSORPTION. |
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LIVE ROOM |
CHARACTERIZED BY VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF ABSORPTION. |
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RESONANCE |
STATE EXISTING IN A SYSTEM WHICH IS SET INTO OSCILLATION. |
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PURE TONE |
SOUND SENSATION IN A SINGLE FREQUENCY. |
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SINE WAVE |
WAVE PRODUCED BY PURE TONE. |
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PHON |
UNIT OF LOUDNESS LEVEL. |
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SOUND ATTENUATION |
THE REDUCTION IN THE INTENSITY OR IN THE SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL OF SOUND WHICH IS TRANSMITTED FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER. |
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SOUND DIFFRACTION |
ACOUSTICAL PHENOMENON WHICH CAUSES SOUND WAVE TO BE BENT OR SCATTERED AROUND. |
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THRESHOLD OF AUDIBILITY |
MINIMUM SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL THAT IS CAPABLE OF BEING DETECTED BY HUMAN EAR. |
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CATHODE |
THE EQUIVALENT OF FILAMENT IN A FLOURESCENT LAMP. |
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MICROPHONE |
SOUND SYSTEM INPUT DEVICE THAT REACTS TO AND CONVERTS VARIABLE SOUND PRESSURE INTO VARIABLE ELECTRICAL CURRENT. |
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CROSS LIGHTING |
LIGHT ORIGINATING FROM SOURCES NOT FACING EACH OTHER, AS FROM WINDOWS IN ADJACENT WALLS. |
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SPECIFIC LIGHTING |
A TYPE OF LIGHTING THAT PROVIDES ILLUMINATION TO SPECIAL OBJECTS LIKE SCULPTURES, FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS, ETC. |
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EGGCRATE |
A LOUVERED CONSTRUCTION DIVIDED INTO CELL-LIKE AREAS AND USED FOR REDIRECTING THE LIGHT EMMITTED BY AN OVERHEAD SOURCE. |
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PASSIVE INFRARED |
A TYPE OF PERIMETER DETECTOR WHICH DETECTS OBJECT IN HEAT RANGE OF BODY TEMPERATURE OR INTERRUPTION OF LIGHT BEAM. |
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ULTRASONIC |
A TYPE OF PERIMETER DETECTOR WHICH DETECTS CHANGE IN SOUND WAVE PATTERN. HIGHER THAN 20000 HERTZ. |
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MICROWAVE |
A TYPE OF PERIMETER DETECTOR WHICH IS SUBJECT TO FALSE ALARM FROM AIRCRAFT RADAR AND FROM MOVEMENT OUTSIDE BUILDING THROUGH WINDOW, WOOD DOORS, AND THE LIKE. IT USES RADIO WAVES. |
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PROXIMITY |
THIS TYPE OF PERIMETER DETECTOR DETECTS A CHANGE IN CAPACITANCE OF THE AREA COVERED, CAUSED BY INTRUSION. |
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MAGNETIC FLUX |
UNIT OF TESLA |
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NADIR |
A CONDITION CHARACTERIZED AS VERTICALLY DOWNWARD, DIRECTLY BELOW THE LUMINAIRE. |
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WALLACE CLEMENT SABINE |
FATHER OF ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS. |
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STRUCTURE BORNE SOUND |
WHEN SOUND IMPINGES ON A SURFACE, SUCH AS WALLS, FLOOR, CEILING, ETC. |
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HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR |
THIS MATERIAL IS NAMED IN HONOR OF A GERMAN PHYSICIST. CONSIST OF A HOLLOW MATERIAL WITH A SMALL HOLE ON ONE SIDE. THIS IS USED TO DETECT INDIVIDUAL FREQUENCY OF COMPLEX ACOUSTIC WAVE CONFIGURATION. |
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INDIVIDUAL RESONATOR |
A TYPE OF RESONATOR MADE FROM EMPTY CLAY VESSELS OF DIFFERENT SIZES. THEIR ABSORPTION RANGES FROM 100 - 400 HERTZ. |
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FARAD |
UNIT OF CAPACITANCE. |
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CONDUCTANCE |
RECIPROCAL OF RESISTANCE. |
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ACOUSTIC BAFFLES |
VIBRATIONS PRODUCE FRICTION BETWEEN ITS FIBERS, PRODUCING MINUSCULE AMOUNTS OF HEAT, THIS HEAT DISSIPATES QUICKLY THROUGHOUT THE PANEL; CONVERTING SOUND ENERGY INTO THERMAL ENERGY. |
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