Btec Sport Level 3 - The Skeletal System

Front 1

What is the difference between Anterior and Posterior postioning?

Back 1

Anterior is looking at the front of the body, whereas Posterior is looking at the back.

Front 2

Which is the closest to the midline of the body, Medial or Lateral positions?

Back 2

Medial because it's closest to the midline of the body, meanwhile lateral is further away.

Front 3

Proximal and Distal positions are related to the positionings of a bone's roots. But which is which?

Back 3

Proximal is nearer to the root, for example the root of the arm is the shoulder and Distal is getting away from the root, like the hand in this example.

Front 4

What is the difference between Supirior and Inferior positionings?

Back 4

Superior means above something and Inferiror means below something.

Front 5

The Axial System protects brain and the central nervous system, but what bones are included in this system?

Back 5

The Cranium, Thoracic Cage (sternum/ribs) and Vertebral column (spine/vertebral).

Front 6

The Appendicular System is the shoulder and pelvic girdles and the limbs of the body, but what is its function?

Back 6

It holds and suppors the limbs as well as allowing humans to walk and manipulate objects.

Front 7

Long bones can be identified by being longer than being wide. Name three other structural components and and an example of long bones.

Back 7

They have growth plates (epiphyses) at either end, a hard outer surface and a spongy inner bone (cancellous).

Eg. Femur, Humerus, Tibia and Fibula, Metacarpals, Metatarsals and Phalanges.

Front 8

Short Bones, such as Carpals and Tarsals, support stability. How can you identify a Short Bone?

Back 8

They're as wide as they are long and contain large amounts of bone marrow.

Front 9

Flat Bones are strong, flat and provide protection. Can you state another function and an example?

Back 9

They form Red Blood Cells and examples include: scapular,sternum, cranium pelivice and the ribs.

Front 10

Irregular Bones don't fall into any other catagory, can you name two examples?

Back 10

The Mandible (jaw) and spereate vertabrae

Front 11

Sesamoid Bones are usually short or irregular bones. But where are they usually found and what is their function?

Back 11

They're usually present in tendons and theyre function is to protect the tendon. An example of a sesamoid bones is the Patella (knee cap).

Front 12

A Nuetral Spine has a slightly curved shape with three curves. Kyphosis and Scoliosis are conditions that affect this. What is the difference between these two conditions?

Back 12

Kyphosis - outward curve of thoracic or hunchback.

Scoliosis - abnormal curvature of the spine to the left or right known as lateral curvature.

Front 13

What are the five main Functions of the Skeleton?

Back 13

1. Support

2. Movement

3. Protection

4. Stores Minerals

5. Produces Red Blood Cells

Front 14

What are the three other Functions of the Skeleton?

Back 14

Leverage, Weight Bearing and Reducing Friction.

Front 15

Describe the Movement fuction of the skeleton.

Back 15

The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to carryout movements. The vertabrae allows us to bend, strech and rotate our body.

Front 16

Describe the Support function of the skeleton.

Back 16

The vertabrae for example supports the head, and other bones provide a supporting framework for the soft tissues of the body.

Front 17

Describe the Protection function of the skeleton.

Back 17

The bones protect vital organs, for example: the skull protects the brain, the ribgage and thorax protects the heart and lungs and the vertabral column protects the spinal cord.

Front 18

Describe the Blood Cell Production function of the skeleton?

Back 18

Blood vessles feed the bones amd the bones contain bone marrow, this is what produces both red and white Blood Cells.`

Front 19

Describe the Storage of Minerals function of the skeleton.

Back 19

Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are stored in bones and they aid bone growth and health. Minerals can be released into the blood if required.

Front 20

Decribe the Leverage function of the skeleton.

Back 20

Bones require a lever system to allow muscles to pull against created movement.

Front 21

Describe the Weight Bearing function of the skeleton.

Back 21

Strong bones support the weight of the tissue including muscle, so when exercising large force is applied to the body - the skeleton prevents injury.

Front 22

Describe the Reducing Friction function of the skeleton.

Back 22

Synovial Joints of the skeletal system secrete fluid to prevent bones from rubbing against eachother, therefore friction is reduced.

Front 23

What is a Fibrous Joint, give an example?

Back 23

The joint doesn't move because the bones have been fused together where they overlap. An example of this would be the Cranium.

Front 24

What is a Cartilaginous Joint, give an example?

Back 24

A slightly movable joint with cartilage pads in-between and is held together by ligaments, for example the vertebrae.

Front 25

A Freely movable joint has the highest amount of mobility. What is the correct name for this type of joint?

Back 25

A Synovial joint, examples include the knee, elbow, shoulder and ankle joints as well as more.

Front 26

Name the 6 types of Synovial Joint.

Back 26

Plane/Gliding

Saddle

Hinge

Pivot

Epsilloid

Ball and Socket

Front 27

What are the Short Term effects on the Skeletal system?

Back 27

Increase in Synovial fluid and viscosity so that the joint is more protected.

Front 28

What are the Long Term effects on the Skeletal system?

Back 28

Through exercise the joint will become much stronger.

Front 29

What is Osteoporosis?

Back 29

The weakening of bones caused by a reduction in bone density making them prone to fracture.

Front 30

What causes Osteoporosis?

Back 30

By a lack of Vitamin D or Calcium, and can also come about with age.

Front 31

How can you treat Osteoporosis?

Back 31

By participating in moderate exercise, this promotes the uptake of minerals to make the bones less brittle and fragile.

Front 32

What is Arthritis?

Back 32

A degenerative joint disease caused by a loss of articular bones in a joint causing pain, swelling and reduced motion within the joint.