Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
352 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The hip bone is a fusion of which three bones?
|
ilium, ischium, and pubis
|
|
name the joint for the hip bone's attachment to the vertebral column
|
sacroiliac joint
|
|
Why are the gluteal lines called that?
|
they are ridges juxtapositioned between gluteus muscle orinins (maximus, medius and minimus)
|
|
gluteal lines between the origins of gluteus medius and maximus muscles
|
posterior gluteal line
|
|
gluteal lines between the origins of gluteus medius and minimus muscles
|
anterior gluteal line
|
|
gluteal lines between the origins of gluteus minimus and rectus femoris
|
inferior gluteal line
|
|
how many iliac spines are there?
|
4
|
|
name of cup-shaped cavity on the lateral side of the hip bone in which the head of the femur fits
|
acetabulum
|
|
anteriorly/posteriorly: direction of the acetabular notch
|
anteriorly (faces the obturator foramen)
|
|
The acetabular notch is converted into a foramen by ____ ligament?
|
transverse acetabular ligament (through the foramen nutrient vessels and nerves enter the joint)
|
|
The ligamentum capitis femoris (aka ligament of the head of the femur or the ligamentum teres femoris) is attached to ___ of the femur; and ___ of the hip bone
|
fovea capitis femoris; two bands, one into either side of the acetabular notch
|
|
Head of the femur, in anatomical position, faces anteriorly/posteriorly?
|
anteriorly
|
|
Patient with osteoporosis comes in with exteme leg pain shortened lower limb with medial rotation. A femoral X ray might show? _____
|
Dislocation of the femoral head
|
|
Patient with osteoporosis comes in with exteme leg pain lower limb is shortened with lateral rotation. A femoral X ray might show? _____
|
Fracture of the neck of the femur
|
|
Femoral fracture through the trochanters is called ___
|
Pertrochanteric fracture
|
|
intertrochanteric line slants obliquely downward medially/laterally, it's located on anterior/posterior side of the humerus?
|
medially, anterior
|
|
Name of the rough anterior line between the shaft and neck of the femur, extending from the greater to the lesser trochanter?
|
intertrochanteric line
|
|
Greater/lesser trochanter: points laterally?
|
greater (lesser points medially)
|
|
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis muscles insert to _____
|
Greater trochanter
|
|
obturator internus and externus muscles insert to _____
|
Greater trochanter
|
|
Lesser trochanter is an insertion point for _____ muscle/s
|
iliopsoas (except for the psoas minor component)
|
|
iliopsoas refers to which muscle group:
|
psoas major, psoas minor, and iliacus
|
|
T/F: Psoas minor is present in only ~50% of the population
|
T
|
|
Rough double line (medial and lateral lips) on the posterior aspect of the femur
|
Linea aspera
|
|
List from medial to lateral attachments to the linea aspera:
1._____ muscle most medial 2._____ and _____ muscles above; _____ and ____ below 3._____ muscle in the middle 4._____ muscle above, _____ muscle head below 5._____ muscle most lateral |
1. Vastus medialis
2. Iliacus and Pectineus above; Adductor brevis and Adductor longus below 3. Adductor magnus 4. Gluteus maximus above, short head of the Biceps femoris below 5. Vastus lateralis |
|
___ line runs from the lesser trochanter to the medial lip of the linea aspera.
|
pectineal line
|
|
Why is the pectineal line so named?____
|
pectineus muscle inserts there
|
|
femoral condyles are distal/proximal?
|
distal (articulate with knee)
|
|
prominence on upper part of the medial femoral epicondyle; insertion point for the adductor magnus muscle
|
Adductor tubercle
|
|
A dislocated knee or fractured distal femur most likely would injure ____ artery
|
popliteal
|
|
Transverse patellar fracture: results in which two ways most often?
|
direct blow, quick contraction of the quadriceps muscle
|
|
Bumper fracture is usually a fracture of what via a car bumber strike? ___ which nerve is usually affected?____
|
lateral tibial condyle, common peroneal nerve
|
|
largest sesamoid bone:____, it's located between ___ tendon and ___ ligament
|
patella, tendon of the quadriceps femoris, patellar ligament
|
|
sesamoid bone entails what?
|
located within a tendon
|
|
patella articulates with the femur/tibia/both?
|
only femur
|
|
weight-bearing medial bone of the lower leg
|
Tibia
|
|
patellar ligament inserts into ___ of the tibia
|
tibial tuberosity
|
|
T/F: Tibia has the medial condyle and the fibia has the lateral condyle for articulating with the knee
|
F [tibia has medial and lateral condyles]
|
|
Downward projection on distal and medial side of the tibia?____
|
medial malleolus
|
|
medial/lateral malleolus: lies more inferior and posterior
|
lateral
|
|
medial/lateral malleolus: articulates with the trochlea of the talus
|
lateral
|
|
fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often accompanied by fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deltoid ligament
|
Pott's fracture (Dupuytren's fracture)
|
|
fracture caused by forced eversion of the foot
|
Pott's fracture (Dupuytren's fracture)
|
|
A T-shaped fracture of the distal femur with displacement of the condyles
|
Pillion fracture
|
|
Fracture caused by a blow to the flexed knee of a person riding on a motorcycle.
|
Pillion fracture
|
|
Fracture of the fibular neck: may cause an injury to the _______ nerve
|
common peroneal
|
|
Fracture of the fibular neck may cause paralysis of muscles of the leg that lead to which characteristic foot posturing?
|
foot drop [muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments, dorsiflexors and evertors]
|
|
Base/apex: part of patella that is more superior?
|
base
|
|
name the seven tarsal bones:
|
talus, calcaneus, navicular bone, cuboid bone, and three cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate, and lateral)
|
|
only tarsal bone without muscle attachments.
|
talus
|
|
tarsal bone in the most contact with the tibia
|
talus
|
|
Groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon is on what bone?____ more medial/lateral?
|
Talus
|
|
Largest and strongest bone of the foot?____
|
Calcaneus
|
|
articulates with the talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly is ____ bone; attachment for the ____ tendon
|
Calcaneus, Achilles
|
|
shelf-like medial projection from the calcaneus is called the _____, which supports the head of the talus (with the spring ligament) and has a groove on its inferior surface for what?_____
|
sustentaculum tali, flexor hallucis longus tendon
|
|
between the head of the talus and the three cuneiform bones? ____ bone
|
Navicular
|
|
____ bone has a groove for the peroneus longus muscle
|
Cuboid bone
|
|
Articulate with the navicular bone posteriorly and with three metatarsals anteriorly
|
Cuneiform bones
|
|
A March fracture is:
|
fatigue fracture of one of the metatarsals
|
|
How many phalanges per foot? _____why?______
|
14, two in the first digit and three in each of the others
|
|
acetabular notch and cavity receive perfusion via ____ artery that gives rise to the artery of the ligamentum teres capitis femoris
|
posterior branch of the obturator artery
|
|
A ring of fibrocartilage and connective tissue that completes and deepens the bony acetabulumacetabular labrum [Acetabular lip]
|
acetabular labrum [Acetabular lip]
|
|
Name the hip joints arterial sources:
medial and lateral ___(2)___, superior and inferior ___, and posterior ___ |
1. femoral circumflex
2. gluteal 3. obturator |
|
Attachments of the fibrous capsule:
1. proximally:_____ 2. distalo-anteriorly:____ 2. distalo-posteriorly:_____ |
1. to the margin of the acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament
2. intertrochanteric line and the root of the greater trochanter 3. intertrochanteric crest |
|
Posterior bony ridge between the shaft and neck of the femur, running from the greater to the lesser trochanter
|
intertrochanteric crest
|
|
The fibrous capsule is reinforced anteriorly by the ____ ligament, posteriorly by the ____ ligament, and inferiorly by the ____ ligament
|
ant: iliofemoral
post: ischiofemoral inf: pubofemoral |
|
Retinacular arteries of the head of the femur pierce the fibrous capsule, they are braches of what arteries?
|
medial and lateral femoral circumflex
|
|
femoral shaft angle exceeds 135 degrees (more vertical), this is called:
|
Coxa valga
|
|
femoral shaft angle is less than 135 degrees (more horizontal), this is called:
|
Coxa vara
|
|
“inverted Y” hip joint ligament
|
Iliofemoral ligament
|
|
largest and most important hip joint ligament that reinforces the fibrous capsule anteriorly
|
Iliofemoral ligament
|
|
attached proximally to the anterior-inferior iliac spine and the acetabular rim and distally to the intertrochanteric line and the front of the greater trochanter of the femur
|
Iliofemoral ligament
|
|
Resists hyperextension and lateral rotation at the hip joint during standing, ____ ligament
|
Iliofemoral ligament
|
|
Reinforces the fibrous capsule posteriorly, ____ ligament
|
Ischiofemoral ligament
|
|
____ ligament extend from the ischial portion of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur and greater trochanter
|
Ischiofemoral ligament
|
|
____ ligament reinforces the fibrous capsule inferiorly
|
Pubofemoral ligament
|
|
____ ligament extends from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim and the superior pubic ramus to the lower part of the femoral neck
|
Pubofemoral ligament
|
|
Artery of the ligamentum capitis femoris (foveolar artery) from the obturator artery is most important for what demographic?
|
children
|
|
T/F: the knee joint has no fibrous capsule?
|
F [it has a fibrous capsule that is rather thin, weak, and incomplete; it is attached to the margins of the femoral and tibial condyles and to the patella and patellar ligament]
|
|
the largest and most complicated joint
|
knee
|
|
medial/laterally/both: stabilizer of the knee joint
1. fibular collateral ligaments 2. sartorius 3. biceps femoris 4. gracilis 5. gastrocnemius 6. iliotibial tract 7. semitendinosus muscles 8. tibial collateral ligament 9. semimembranosus muscles |
1. L
2. M 3. L 4. M 5. Both 6. L 7. M 8. M 9. M |
|
descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery branches off ____ artery and anastomoses with ____ artery
|
profunda femoris artery (aka. deep femoral artery or deep artery of the thigh), popliteal artery
|
|
Knee joint is innervated by which nerves?
|
sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerves
|
|
___ artery is the extension of the "superficial" femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal and adductor hiatus above the knee
|
popliteal artery
|
|
genicular arteries (superior medial and lateral, inferior medial and lateral, and middle) branch off from ___ artery
|
popliteal artery
|
|
Rapid swelling of the injured knee is most likely due to inflammation/hemarthrosis?
|
hemarthrosis [inflammatory joint effusion causes a slow swelling]
|
|
T/F: The ACL and PCL lie inside the knee joint capsule and synovial cavity of the knee joint?
|
F [Lies inside the knee joint capsule but outside the synovial cavity of the joint]
|
|
Describe the direction of the ACL's path from Tibia to Femur:______
|
passes upward, backward, and medial to lateral to insert into the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle
|
|
PCL/ACL: which is longer
|
ACL
|
|
PCL/ACL: which is straighter
|
PCL
|
|
PCL/ACL: which is stronger
|
PCL
|
|
Which knee ligament prevents forward sliding of the tibia on the femur and posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia.
|
ACL
|
|
ACL/PCL: Is mostly taut during extension of the knee and lax during flexion
|
ACL
|
|
ACL/PCL: May be torn when the knee is hyperextended.
|
ACL
|
|
Describe the direction of the ACL's path from Tibia to Femur:______
|
upward, forward, and medially to insert into the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle
|
|
Which knee ligament prevents backward sliding of the tibia on the femur and anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia ?
|
PCL
|
|
Which knee ligament Is mostly taut during flexion of the knee?
|
PCL
|
|
T/F: The Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus lie inside the knee joint capsule and synovial cavity of the knee joint?
|
F [Lies inside the knee joint capsule but outside the synovial cavity of the joint]
|
|
____ is C-shaped interarticular area of the tibia and is attached to the medial collateral ligament
|
Medial meniscus
|
|
These act as a cushion or shock absorbers and lubricate the articular surfaces by distributing synovial fluid in windshield-wiper fashion
|
Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus
|
|
Is nearly circular C shaped interarticular area of the tibia
|
Lateral meniscus
|
|
T/F: the lateral meniscus is separated laterally from the fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament
|
T [separated laterally by the tendon of the popliteus muscle]
|
|
Binds the anterior horns of the lateral and medial menisci.
|
Transvers (Genicular) Ligaments
|
|
_____extracapsular ligament extends from medial femoral epicondyle to the medial tibial condyle
|
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
|
|
_____extracapsular ligament is firmly attached to the medial meniscus
|
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
|
|
What's worse, medial or lateral collateral ligament injuries? ____ why?_____
|
Medial, results in concomitant damage to the medial meniscus
|
|
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament is separated from the lateral meniscus by the tendon of the ____ muscle
|
popliteus
|
|
_____extracapsular ligament extends between the lateral femoral epicondyle and the head of the fibula
|
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
|
|
A portion of _____extracapsular ligament is the most often used ligament for repair of the anterior cruciate ligament
|
Patellar ligament (tendon)
|
|
Patellar ligament extends from the apex/base of the patella to the _____ of the tibia.
|
apex, tuberosity
|
|
_____extracapsular ligament arises from the head of the fibula, arches superiorly and medially over the tendon of the popliteus muscle on the back of the knee joint fusing with the articular capsule
|
Arcuate popliteal ligament
|
|
_____ extracapsular ligament is an obliquely [upward and outward] expansion of the semimembranosus tendon
|
Oblique popliteal ligament
|
|
_____ extracapsular ligament arises from the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle and runs between the lateral meniscus and the capsule of the knee joint deep to the fibular collateral ligament
|
Popliteus tendon
|
|
Anterior drawer sign is a forward sliding of the tibia on the femur due to a rupture of ____ ligament
|
ACL
|
|
Posterior drawer sign is a backward sliding of the tibia on the femur caused by a rupture of ____ ligament
|
posterior cruciate ligament
|
|
Medial/Lateral meniscus: is more frequently torn
|
Medial meniscus
|
|
A football player is struck on the lateral side of his/her firmly planted leg:
1. Which knee ligament is palpably tenderness on application of pressure?____ 2. This particular injury is know as the “____” 3. Anterior/Posterior drawer sign 4. Which three knee structures are injured? |
1. tibial (medial) collateral ligament
2. “Unhappy triad” 3. Anterior 4. ACL, medial meniscus, tibial (medial) collateral ligament attachment |
|
Knock-knee (genu valgum): is a deformity in which the tibia is bent or twisted laterally/medially; possible rupture of the ____ ligament
|
laterally, tibial (medial) collateral ligament
|
|
Bowleg (genu varum): is a deformity in which the tibia is bent laterally/medially; possible rupture of the ____ligament
|
medially, tibial (medial) collateral ligament
|
|
Patellar tendon reflex:
afferent nerve_____ roots_____ efferent nerve_____ |
femoral nerve
L2-L4 femoral nerve |
|
the major bursa communicating with the knee joint cavity:_____ bursa
|
Suprapatellar bursa
|
|
Proximal/distal: tibiofibular joint that allows a little movement
|
Proximal (plane-type synovial joint) [distal=fibrous joint]
|
|
deltoid ligament of the ankle is attached to the medial/lateral malleolus?
|
medial
|
|
What are the four parts of the medial (deltoid) ligament
|
tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, and posterior tibiotalar ligaments
|
|
The _____ligament prevents overeversion of the foot and helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch
|
medial (deltoid) ligament
|
|
What are the three parts of the lateral ligament of the ankle
|
anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments
|
|
The _____ligament resists inversion of the foot and may be torn during an ankle sprain (inversion injury)
|
lateral ligament of the ankle
|
|
A swollen bursal sac and/or an osseous deformity that has grown on the ~medial side of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (or of the first metatarsal head)
|
Bunion
|
|
Bunions are most often associated with medial/lateral deviation of the big toe
|
medial
|
|
Hallux valgus: is a ___ deviation of the big toe
|
lateral
|
|
Hallux varus: is a ___ deviation of the big toe
|
medial
|
|
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Roots: ____ |
L2-L3
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major, crosses anteriorly on the iliacus, and passes under the inguinal ligament
|
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
Innervates the skin on the anterior and lateral aspects of the thigh as far as the knee:_____
|
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: innervate the skin of the gluteal region.
|
Clunial (buttock) nerves
|
|
superior clunial (buttock) nerve root/s:____
|
L1-L3
|
|
middle clunial (buttock) nerve root/s:____
|
S1-S3
|
|
inferior clunial (buttock) nerve root/s:___ via ____nerve
|
S1-S3, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: arises from the sacral plexus and passes through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle and emerges from the medio-inferior border of the gluteus maximus
|
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: descends in the posterior midline of the thigh deep to the fascia lata and pierces the fascia lata near the popliteal fossa
|
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: innervates the skin of the buttock, thigh, and calf
|
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: Arises from the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle
|
Saphenous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: pierces the fascial covering of the adductor canal at its distal end in company with the saphenous branch of the descending genicular artery
|
Saphenous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: becomes cutaneous between the sartorius and the gracilis and descends behind the condyles of the femur and tibia
|
Saphenous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: descends medial aspect of the leg in company with the great saphenous vein
|
Saphenous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates the skin on the medial side of the leg and foot
|
Saphenous nerve
|
|
during surgery to repair varicose veins a nerve is cut accidentally, which is the most likely nerve to be cut
|
Saphenous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: arises from the common peroneal nerve (aka. common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve) in the popliteal fossa and innervates the skin on the posterolateral side of the leg
|
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: may have a communicating branch that joins the medial sural cutaneous nerve
|
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: Arises from the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa, descends between the two heads of the Gastrocnemius, and, about the middle of the back of the leg, pierces the deep fascia
|
Medial sural cutaneous nerve
|
|
The sural nerve is made of :___________________
|
Medial sural cutaneous nerve, Lateral sural cutaneous nerve or its communicating branch
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates the skin on the back of the leg and the lateral side of the ankle, heel, and foot
|
Medial sural cutaneous nerve or sural nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: descends between the peroneus muscles (aka. fibularis longus) and the extensor digitorum longus
|
superficial fibular nerve (aka. superficial peroneal nerve)
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: pierces the deep fascia in the lower third of the leg to innervate the skin on the lateral side of the lower leg and the dorsum of the foot
|
superficial fibular nerve (aka. superficial peroneal nerve)
|
|
superficial fibular nerve (aka. superficial peroneal nerve) divides into:
1. ______ nerve which supplies the medial sides of the foot and ankle, the medial side of the great toe, and the adjacent sides of the second and third toes 2. _____ nerve which supplies the skin of the lateral sides of the foot and ankle and the adjacent sides of the third, fourth, and little toes |
1. medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (internal dorsal cutaneous branch)
2. intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (external dorsal cutaneous branch) |
|
____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates anterior muscles of the leg and foot
|
Deep peroneal nerve
|
|
____ cutaneous nerve: Innervates the skin of the contiguous sides of the first and second toes
|
Deep peroneal nerve
|
|
____ superficial vein begins at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and ascends in front of the medial malleolus and along the medial aspect of the tibia, ascends with ____ nerve
|
Great saphenous vein, saphenous nerve
|
|
The great saphenous vein passes anteriorly/posteriorly to the medial condyles of the tibia and femur?
|
posteriorly
|
|
The great saphenous vein passes through the ____ opening and into ____vein near the hip
|
saphenous, femoral
|
|
The external pudendal, superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex ilia, lateral femoral cutaneous, and accessory saphenous veins all drain to ___ vein
|
great saphenous vein
|
|
____ leg vein is a suitable vessel for use in coronary artery bypass surgery and for venipuncture
|
great saphenous vein
|
|
____ superficial vein begins at the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch and passes upward along the latero-posterior side of the foot with the ____ nerve, behind the lateral malleolus
|
small (short) saphenous vein, sural
|
|
Small (short) saphenous vein passes into the popliteal fossa, where it perforates the deep fascia and terminates in the ____ vein
|
popliteal
|
|
Varicose veins: typically develops in the deep/superficial veins
|
superficial
|
|
Most pulmonary emboli originate in deep/superficial veins
|
deep
|
|
___ ligament extends from the ischial tuberosity to the posterior iliac spines, lower sacrum, and coccyx
|
sacrotuberous ligament
|
|
___ ligament and ____ ligament convert the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen
|
sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament
|
|
____ ligament converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen
|
sacrospinous ligament
|
|
sacrospinous/sacrotuberous ligament: more posterior?
|
sacrotuberous
|
|
Greater/lesser/both sciatic foramen:
1. piriformis muscle 2. gluteal vessels and nerves 3. inferior gluteal vessels and nerves 4. internal pudendal vessels= 5. pudendal nerve= 6. sciatic nerve 7. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve 8. nerves to the obturator internus= 9. nerves to the quadratus femoris muscles 10. tendon of the obturator internus |
1. G
2. G 3. G 4. B 5. B 6. G 7. G 8. B 9. G 10. L |
|
Lateral/medial side of leg: Iliotibial tract?
|
lateral
|
|
Patient who suddenly increased his level of running develops a stinging sensation just above the knee joint (on the outside of the knee) and swelling in the same area. Most likely dx?
|
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS or ITBFS, for Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome)
|
|
Provides insertion for the gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae muscles?____
|
Iliotibial Band
|
|
_____ is a membranous, deep fascia covering muscles of the thigh
|
Fascia lata
|
|
Fascia lata forms the lateral and medial intermuscular septa by its inward extension to the ____ bone
|
femur
|
|
Injection in the gluteal region should always be made in the ____ _____ quadrant to avoid injury to the ____ nerve
|
superior lateral, sciatic
|
|
Gluteus maximus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ilium; sacrum; coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
2. Gluteal tuberosity; iliotibial tract 3. Inferior gluteal 4. Extends and rotates thigh laterally |
|
Gluteus medius:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ilium between iliac crest, and anterior and posterior gluteal lines
2. Posterior greater trochanter 3. Superior gluteal 4. stabilizes pelvis > abducts > rotates thigh medially |
|
Gluteus medius/maximus: more deep
|
medius
|
|
Gluteus medius/minimus: more deep
|
minimus
|
|
Gluteus minimus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
2. Anterior greater trochanter 3. Superior gluteal 4. Abducts and rotates thigh medially |
|
Tensor fasciae latae:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Iliac crest; anterior-superior iliac spine
2. Iliotibial tract [superior] 3. Superior gluteal 4. Flexes > abducts > rotates thigh medially |
|
Piriformis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Pelvic surface of sacrum [lower 3 fused sacrum, deep side]; sacrotuberous ligament
2. Posterior upper end of greater trochanter 3. Sacral (S1-S2) 4. Rotates thigh laterally |
|
____ muscle covers the obturator foramen from the inside side
|
Obturator internus
|
|
Obturator internus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ischiopubic rami [deep side]; obturator membrane
2. Posterior lower end of greater trochanter 3. Nerve to obturator internus 4. Abducts and rotates thigh laterally |
|
Superior gemellus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ischial spine [superficial side]
2. Obturator internus tendon[Posterior lower end of greater trochanter] 3. Nerve to obturator internus 4. Rotates thigh laterally |
|
Superior gemellus/Obturator internus: more superior
|
Superior gemellus
|
|
Interior gemellus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ischial tuberosity [superficial side]
2. Obturator internus tendon 3. Nerve to quadratus femoris 4. Rotates thigh laterally |
|
Interior gemellus/Obturator internus: more superior
|
Obturator internus
|
|
Quadratus femoris:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ischial tuberosity
2. Intertrochanteric crest 3. Nerve to quadratus femoris 4. Rotates thigh laterally |
|
Semitendinosus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ischial tuberosity
2. Medial surface of upper part of tibia 3. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve 4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg medially |
|
Semitendinosus/Quadratus femoris: more superficial
|
Semitendinosus
|
|
Semitendinosus/Semimembranosus: more superficial
|
Semitendinosus
|
|
Semimembranosus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ischial tuberosity
2. Medical condyle of tibia 3. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve 4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg medially |
|
Biceps Femoris - long head :
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. ischial tuberosity
2. Head of fibula [lateral side] (common tendon with the short head) 3. Tibial 4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg laterally |
|
Biceps femoris – short head:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. linea aspera near the head of the femur
2. Head of fibula [lateral side] (common tendon with the long head) 3. Common peroneal (fibular) never, a division of the sciatic nerve 4. Extends thigh; flexes and rotates leg laterally |
|
The sciatic nerve leaves the pelvic cavity through ____ foramen and in between what two muscles?
_______ ________ |
Greater sciatic foramen, Superior gemellus, piriformis
|
|
Piriformis syndrome sx include pain in the buttocks and referred back pain, why?
|
irritates and pressure on the sciatic nerve
|
|
Positive Trendelenburg's sign indicates what? ____ ; nerve involved?_____
|
weakness and paralysis of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle; superior gluteal nerve
|
|
With a positive Trendelenburg's sign there is a problem with abduction/adduction?
|
abduction
|
|
With a positive Trendelenburg's sign, when standing on one leg, the pelvis drops on the opposite side [hanging leg]. The weakness is present on the side of the stance leg/hanging leg?
|
stance leg
|
|
A pulled hamstring could refer to what muscles?
|
semitendinosus, the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris [short or long head]
|
|
Iliacus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Iliac fossa; ala of sacrum
2. Lesser trochanter 3. Femoral 4. Flexes thigh (with psoas major) |
|
Sartorius:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Anterior-superior iliac spine
2. Upper medial side of tibia 3. Femoral 4. Flexes and rotates thigh laterally; flexes and rotates leg medially |
|
Rectus femoris:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Anterior-inferior iliac spine; posterior-superior rim of acetabulum
2. Base of patella; tibial tuberosity 3. Femoral 4. Flexes thigh; extends leg |
|
Vastus medialis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Intertrochanteric line; linea aspera; medial intermuscular septum
2. Medial side of patella; tibial tuberosity 3. Femoral 4. Extends leg |
|
Vastus lateralis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Intertrochanteric line; greater trochanter; linea aspera; gluteal tuberosity; lateral intermuscular septum
2. Lateral side of patella; tibial tuberosity 3. Femoral 4. Extends leg |
|
Vastus intermedius:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Upper shaft of femur; lower lateral intermuscular septum
2. Upper border of patella; tibial tuberosity 3. Femoral 4. Extends leg |
|
Adductor longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Body of pubis below its crest
2. Middle third of linea aspera 3. Obturator 4. Adducts and flexes thigh |
|
Adductor brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Body and inferior pubic ramus
2. Pectineal line; upper part of linea aspera 3. Obturator 4. Adducts and flexes thigh |
|
Adductor magnus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Ischiopubic ramus; ischial tuberosity
2. Linea aspera; medial supracondylar line; adductor tubercle 3. Obturator and sciatic (tibial part) 4. Adducts, flexes, and extends thigh |
|
Pectineus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Pectineal line of pubis
2. Pectineal line of femur 3. Obturator and femoral 4. Adducts and flexes thigh |
|
Gracilis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Body and inferior pubic ramus
2. Medial surface of upper quarter of tibia 3. Obturator 4. Adducts and flexes thigh; flexes and rotates leg medially |
|
Obturator externus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
2. Intertrochanteric fossa of femur 3. Obturator 4. Rotates thigh laterally |
|
Tibialis anterior:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral tibial condyle; interosseous membrane
2. First cuneiform; first metatarsal 3. Deep peroneal (fibular) 4. Dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
|
Extensor hallucis longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Middle half of anterior surface of fibula; interosseous membrane
2. Base of distal phalanx of big toe 3. Deep peroneal (fibular) 4. Extends big toe; dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
|
Extensor digitorum longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral tibial condyle; upper two thirds of fibula; interosseous membrane
2. Bases of middle and distal phalanges 3. Deep peroneal (fibular) 4. Extends toes; dorsiflexes and everts foot |
|
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Distal one third of fibula; interosseous membrane
2. Base of fifth metatarsal 3. Deep peroneal (fibular) 4. Dorsiflexes and everts foot |
|
Peroneus (fibularis) longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral tibial condyle; head and upper lateral side of fibula
2. Base of first metatarsal; medial cuneiform 3. Superficial peroneal (fibular) 4. Everts and plantar flexes foot |
|
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lower lateral side of fibula; intermuscular septa
2. Base of fifth metatarsal 3. Superficial peroneal (fibular) 4. Everts and plantar flexes foot |
|
Gastrocnemius:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral (lateral head) and medial (medial head) femoral condyles
2. Posterior aspect of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus 3. Tibial 4. Flexes knee; plantar flexes foot |
|
Soleus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Upper fibula head; soleal line on tibia
2. Posterior aspect of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus 3. Tibial 4 . Plantar flexes foot |
|
Plantaris:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lower lateral supracondylar line
2. Posterior surface of calcaneus 3. Tibial 4. Flexes leg; plantar flexes foot |
|
Popliteus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral condyle of femur; popliteal ligament
2. Upper posterior side of tibia 3. Tibial 4. Flexes by unlocking knee and rotates leg medially |
|
Flexor hallucis longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lower two thirds of fibula; interosseous membrane; intermuscular septa
2. Base of distal phalanx of big toe 3. Tibial 4. Plantar flexes foot; flexes distal phalanx of big toe |
|
Flexor digitorum longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Middle posterior aspect of tibia
2. Distal phalanges of lateral four toes 3. Tibial 4 .Flexes lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot |
|
Tibialis posterior:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Interosseous membrane; upper parts of tibia and fibula
2. Tuberosity of navicular; sustentacula tali; three cuneiforms; cuboid; bases of metatarsals 2-4 3. Tibial 4. Plantar flexes and inverts foot |
|
Extensor digitorum brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Dorsal surface of calcaneus
2. Tendons of extensor digitorum longus 3. Deep peroneal 4. Extends toes |
|
Extensor hallucis brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Dorsal surface of calcaneus
2. Base of proximal phalanx of big toe 3. Deep peroneal 4. Extends big toe |
|
Abductor hallucis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medical tubercle of calcaneus
2. Base of proximal phalanx of big toe 3. Medial plantar 4. Abducts big toe |
|
Flexor digitorum brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial tubercle of calcaneus
2. Middle phalanges of lateral four toes 3. Medial plantar 4. Flexes middle phalanges of lateral four toes |
|
Abductor digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus
2. Proximal phalanx of little toe 3. Lateral plantar 4. Abducts little toe |
|
Quadratus plantae:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial and lateral side of calcaneus
2. Tendons of flexor digitorum longus 3. Lateral plantar 4. Aids in flexing toes |
|
Lumbricals (4):
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
2. Proximal phalanges; extensor expansion 3. First by medial plantar; lateral three by lateral plantar 4. Flex metatarsophalangeal joints and extend inter-phalangeal joints |
|
Flexor hallucis brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Cuboid; third cuneiform
2. Proximal phalanx of big toe 3. Medial plantar 4. Flexes big toe |
|
Flexor digiti minimi brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Base of metatarsal
2. Proximal phalanx of little toe 3. Lateral plantar 4. Flexes little toe |
|
Plantar interossei (3):
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial sides of metatarsals
2. Medial sides of base of proximal phalanges 3. Lateral plantar 4. Adduct toes; flex proximal and extend distal phalanges |
|
Dorsal interossei (4):
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Adjacent shafts of metatarsals
2. Proximal phalanges of second toe (medial and lateral sides), and third and fourth toes (lateral sides) 3. Lateral plantar 4. Abduct toes; flex proximal and extend distal phalanges |
|
The term Iliopsoas refers to the combination of three muscles:
|
psoas major
psoas minor iliacus |
|
Femoral triangle is bounded:
superiorly: ______ medially: ______ laterally: ______ floor: ______ roof: ______ |
superiorly: inguinal ligament
medially: adductor longus laterally: sartorius floor: pectineus [small bit of superior lateral corner is iliopsoas] roof: fascia lata and the cribriform fascia |
|
Femoral triangle transmits from medial to lateral:
|
femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics
“NAVeL” |
|
Femoral ring is bounded:
anteriorly: ______ medially: ______ laterally: ______ posteriorly: ______ |
anteriorly: inguinal ligament
medially: lacunar ligament laterally: femoral vein posteriorly: pectineal ligament |
|
The abdominal opening of the femoral canal through which bowel can sometimes enter, causing a femoral hernia is called the _________
|
Femoral ring
|
|
The femoral sheath has ____ (#) compartments. The lateral compartment contains the femoral ____, the intermediate compartment contains the femoral ____, and the medial and smallest compartment is called the femoral ____. The sheath is innervated by ____ nerve
|
3, artery, vein, canal, femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
|
|
The femoral canal contains efferent ___ vessels and a lymph node embedded in a small amount of areolar tissue. It is ____ shaped and is about 2 cm long.
|
lymphatic, conical
|
|
Femoral herniation occurs most frequently in men/women? Why?_______
|
women, greater width of the superior pubic ramus of the female pelvis
|
|
Femoral sheath is formed by a prolongation of the ____ and ____ fascia
|
transversalis and iliac
|
|
Femoral sheath ends at the proximal border of the ____ opening
|
saphenous
|
|
_____ canal lies between the adductor longus, vastus medialis sartorius muscle and begins at the apex of the femoral triangle
|
Adductor canal
|
|
Adductor canal transmits medial to lateral:
|
Vein, nerve, artery
|
|
Adductor canal transmits what three major things [medial to lateral]?
|
femoral vein, the saphenous nerve, and femoral artery
|
|
Aperture in the tendon of the adductor magnus is known as the ______, transmits what?______
|
Adductor hiatus (hiatus tendineus), femoral vessels
|
|
Popliteal vessels begin how or when? __________
|
As femoral vessels pass through the adductor hiatus
|
|
Popliteal fossa is bounded:
1. superomedially: _____ and _____ 2. superolaterally: ______ 3. inferolaterally: ________ 4. inferomedially: _______ 5. floor: _________ |
1. semitendinosus and semimembranosus
2. biceps muscles 3. gastrocnemius (~ plantaris) 4. gastrocnemius 5. femur, the oblique popliteal ligament, and the popliteus muscle. |
|
Popliteal fossa transmits what (nerves & vessels), from lateral to medial?
|
common peroneal (fibular) nerve, popliteal vein, ~ small saphenous vein, popliteal artery, tibial nerve
|
|
The three muscle tendons of the Pes anserinus are (from anterior to posterior):
|
sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus
|
|
Pes anserinus attaches to the medial/lateral side of the tibia
|
medial
|
|
The pes anserinus may be used for surgical repair of?
|
anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint
|
|
The pes anserinus runs over what knee ligament?
|
Tibial collateral
|
|
Anterior compartment of the (lower) leg is supplied by the ___ nerve and ____ artery. Muscles in the compartment do what action principally?____
|
deep fibular (peroneal), anterior tibial, dorsiflexion
|
|
Patient has extreme tenderness, pain, and swolleness on the anterolateral aspect of the leg. The patient's CK levels are through the roof, what's the problem here?____
|
patient has Anterior tibial compartment syndrome [ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior compartment] due to compression of arteries (anterior tibial artery and its branches) by swollen muscles following excessive exertion
|
|
claudication is what?____; it's cause?_____
|
limping, ischemia
|
|
Knee-jerk (patellar) reflex tests roots __ to __. Afferent impulses travel in the ___ nerve to the spinal cord, and efferent impulses are transmitted to the quadriceps via motor fibers in the ____ nerve.
|
L2-L4, femoral, femoral
|
|
1. Ankle-jerk (Achilles) reflex tests roots __ to __.
2. What muscle/s twitch?____ 3. Afferent impulses travel in the ___ nerve/s to the spinal cord, and efferent impulses are transmitted in ____ nerve/s |
1. S1 and S2 (~L5)
2. triceps surae (gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles) 3. both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex are carried in the tibial nerve |
|
Besides peripheral neuropathies, the Achilles reflex is classically delayed in ____. This reflex is usually absent in disk herniations at the___levels.
|
hypothyroidism
L5-S1 |
|
____ is a broad band of deep fascia extending between the tibia and fibula, above the ankle
|
Superior extensor retinaculum
|
|
____ is a Y-shaped band of deep fascia with stem of the Y being attached laterally to the upper surface of the calcaneus and then divides into an upper band, which attaches to the medial malleolus, and a lower band, which attaches to the deep fascia of the foot and the plantar aponeurosis.
|
Inferior extensor retinaculum
|
|
The inferior extensor retinaculum “y” forms a loop for the tendons of the ______ and ____
|
extensor digitorum longus and the peroneus tertius
|
|
Flexor retinaculum of the foot is medial/lateral?
|
medial
|
|
____ is a deep fascial band that passes between the medial malleolus and the medial-posterior surface of the calcaneus to form the tarsal tunnel
|
Flexor retinaculum of the foot
|
|
Tarsal tunnel transmits [from anterior to posterior]:
|
tibialis posterior MT, flexor digitorum longus MT, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus MT
MT=muscle tendon “Tom, Dick A(V)Nd Harry” |
|
pain, numbness, and tingling sensations on the ankle, heel, and sole of the foot may be caused by ______ syndrome
|
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
|
|
triceps surae refers to :
|
gastrocnemius and soleus shared muscle fibers (not the achilles tendon)
|
|
Ankle sprain (inversion injury) is generally due to forced inversion/eversion? _____; involves lateral/medial malleolus?______
|
inversion, lateral
|
|
Tendon of peroneus longus runs along medial/lateral side of the foot?____
Inserts on ____ metatarpal |
lateral, 1st (medial cuneiform)
|
|
Tendon of peroneus longus deep/superficial to the long plantar ligament?
|
deep
|
|
calcaneus, the talus, the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the first, second, and third metatarsals form what?____
|
medial longitudinal arch of the foot
|
|
calcaneus, cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals form what?
|
lateral longitudinal arch of the foot
|
|
Flat foot (pes planus or talipes planus) is a condition of disappearance or collapse of the lateral/medial longitudinal arch?
|
medial
|
|
Flat foot (pes planus or talipes planus) causes adduciton/abduction of the forefoot?
|
abduction
|
|
the navicular bone, the three cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone, and the bases of the five metatarsal bones of the foot form what?
|
Proximal (metatarsal) arch
|
|
heads of five metatarsal bones form what?
|
Distal arch
|
|
Long plantar ligament runs from plantar side of the calcaneus to every metatarsal base except _____(#)
|
1st
|
|
Short plantar ligament extends from the front of the plantar surface of the ____ bone to the plantar surface of the ___ bone.
|
calcaneus, cuboid
|
|
Passes from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus to the navicular bone?____
|
Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament
|
|
Why is the Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament so named?
|
it contains considerable numbers of elastic fibers to give elasticity to the arch and spring to the foot.
|
|
Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament works synergistically with ___ tendon.
|
tibialis posterior muslce tendon
|
|
sustentaculum tali is a projection on ____ bone, medial/lateral side of foot?____
|
calcaneus, medial
|
|
a congenital deformity of the foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted, and adducted
|
Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)
|
|
Obturator nerve spinal roots?____
|
L2-L4
|
|
Arises from the lumbar plexus (L2-L4) and enters the thigh through the obturator foramen: ___ nerve
|
Obturator nerve
|
|
Anterior branch of ___ nerve descends between the adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles
|
Obturator nerve
|
|
Obturator nerve innervates abductors/adductors?
|
adductors
|
|
Name all the upper leg adductors____; nerve to them all ____
|
1. adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, and pectineus muscles
2. obturator |
|
Posterior branch of ___ nerve descends between the adductor brevis and adductor magnus muscles
|
Obturator nerve
|
|
Obturator nerve damage causes: lateral/medial swinging of the limb during walking? _____; why?____
|
lateral, because of the unopposed abductors
|
|
Femoral nerve spinal roots?____
|
L2-L4
|
|
Femoral nerve emerges from between _____ two muscles major muscles entering the pelcis, then enters the thigh by passing deep to the ____ ligament and lateral to the femoral ____.
|
iliacus and psoas, inguinal, sheath
|
|
Femoral nerve gives rise to all cutaneous nerves of the thigh except for _____ and ____
|
genitofemoral and obturator cutaneous branches proximal-anteromedial skin of thigh
|
|
Femoral nerve branch that innervates the skin from the medial upper knee to the ankle: _____
|
saphenous nerve
|
|
Damage to the femoral nerve causes impaired ___ movement of the hip and impaired ____ of the leg at the knee joint
|
flexion, extension (paralysis of the quadriceps femoris)
|
|
Superior gluteal nerve spinal roots?____
|
L4, L5, S1
|
|
Arises from the sacral plexus and enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen ABOVE the piriformis: ____ nerve
|
Superior gluteal nerve
|
|
Passes between the gluteus medius and minimus muscles and divides into numerous branches
|
Superior gluteal nerve
|
|
Innervates the gluteus medius and minimus, the tensor fasciae latae, and the hip joint.
|
Superior gluteal nerve
|
|
Inferior gluteal nerve spinal roots?____
|
L5, S1, S2
|
|
Arise from the sacral plexus and enter the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen BELOW the piriformis: ____ nerve AND ____ nerve
|
Inferior gluteal nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
Innervates the overlying gluteus maximus: ______ nerve
|
Inferior gluteal nerve
|
|
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve spinal roots?____
|
S1, S2, S3
|
|
Runs deep to the gluteus maximus and emerges from the inferior-medial border of this muscle: ____ nerve
|
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
Innervates the skin of the lower buttock, posterior thigh and calf, as well as scrotum or labia and perineum
|
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
|
|
Sciatic nerve spinal roots?____
|
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
|
|
largest nerve in the body
|
Sciatic nerve
|
|
Divides at the superior border of the popliteal fossa into the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve
|
Sciatic nerve
|
|
Descends the leg over the obturator internus gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles: ____ nerve
|
Sciatic nerve
|
|
Innervates the hamstring muscles
|
=Sciatic nerve
|
|
Damage to the sciatic nerve: causes impaired ____ at the hip and impaired ____ at the knee
|
extension, flexion
|
|
Femoral/Sciatic damage would cause problems with:
1. dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at the ankle: _____ 2. inversion and eversion of the foot: _____ |
1. Sciatic
2. Sciatic |
|
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve spinal roots?____
|
L4, L5, S1, S2
|
|
Arises as the smaller terminal portion of the sciatic nerve at the apex of the popliteal fossa, descends through the fossa, and superficially crosses the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle: ____ nerve
|
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
Passes behind the head of the fibula, then winds laterally around the neck of the fibula, and pierces the peroneus longus, where it divides into the deep peroneal and superficial peroneal nerves: ____ nerve
|
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
Gives rise to the lateral sural cutaneous nerve: ____ nerve
|
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
What supplies the skin on the lateral part of the back of the leg and knee
|
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
|
|
fracture of the head or neck of the fibula may lead to injured ___ nerve
|
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
Innervates the peroneus longus and brevis muscles and then emerges between the peroneus longus and brevis muscles
|
Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
Damage to the common peroneal (fibular) nerve: may causes impaired ____ & ___ movements of the foot and loss of ____ on the dorsum of the foot and lateral aspect of the leg
|
dorsiflexion & eversion (anterior and lateral compartments respectively), sensation
|
|
What does the Superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve do at the lower third of the leg?
|
pierces the deep fascia to become subcutaneous
|
|
Enters the anterior compartment by passing through the extensor digitorum longus muscle
|
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
Descends on the anterior interosseous membrane
|
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve innervates:________________muscles
|
extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis, tibialis anterior
|
|
Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve anterior/posterior muscles of the lower leg?
|
Anterior
|
|
Damage to the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve: causes loss of ____ of the foot
|
eversion
|
|
Damage to the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve: results in ____ and hence a characteristic high-stepping gait
|
foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion)
|
|
Tibial nerve nerve spinal roots?____
|
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
|
|
Tibial nerve innervates ____ lower leg compartment muscles?
|
posterior
|
|
Tibial nerve cutaneous braches innervate skin where?____
|
medial posterior calve and heel [medial sural cutaneous nerve and medial calcaneal]
|
|
Where does the tibial nerve terminate? _____ ; branches into? _____
|
beneath the flexor retinaculum; medial and lateral plantar nerves
|
|
____ nerves pass distally between the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles; which nerve innervates these muscle
|
Medial and lateral plantar nerve, medial
|
|
Medial and lateral plantar nerve give rise to ___ branches
|
common digital branches
|
|
What innervates the flexor hallucis brevis
|
common digital branches of the medial plantar nerve
|
|
___ innervates the first lumbrical and the skin of the medial three and one-half toes
|
common digital branches of the medial plantar nerve
|
|
innervates abductor digiti minimi muscles. lateral three lumbricals adductor hallucis
|
Lateral plantar nerve
|
|
innervates flexor digiti minimi brevis
|
Lateral plantar nerve
|
|
innervates plantar and dorsal interossei
|
Lateral plantar nerve
|
|
loss of plantar flexion of the foot implies a problem with ___ nerve
|
tibial nerve
|
|
impaired inversion resulting from paralysis of the tibialis posterior is due to ___ nerve damage
|
tibial nerve
|
|
_____ artery enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen ABOVE the piriformis muscle
|
Superior gluteal artery
|
|
Superior gluteal artery arises from the_______ artery
|
internal iliac (posterior division)
|
|
What arteries anastomose under the gluteus muscles? __________
|
Superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal, lateral sacral arteries, lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries
|
|
____ usually passes between the first and second sacral nerves, and enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis
|
Inferior gluteal artery
|
|
Inferior gluteal artery arises from the ______ artery
|
Inferior gluteal artery arises from the ______ artery
=internal iliac (anterior division) |