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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the floor of the cranium?
A. Temporal B. Ethmoid C. Occipital D. Sphenoid |
Occipital
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Which aspect of the frontal bone is thin-walled and forms the forehead?
A. Orbital B. Horizontal C. Squamous D. Superciliary margin |
Squamous
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The widest part of the skull is found at the:
A. Parietal protuberances B. Temporal bones C. Mastoid tips D. Inion |
Parietal protuberances
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What is the thickest and densest structure in the cranium?
A. Occipital bone B. Petrosus C. Crista galli D. Sphenoid |
Petrosus
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Another name for the pituitary gland is:
A. Hypophyseal gland B. Hypothalamus C. Hypophysis D. Hypocampus |
Hypophysis
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The shallow depression just posterior to the base of the dorsum sellae and anterir to the foramen magnum is called the:
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Clivus
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What is the name of the paired collections of bone found inferior to the cribiform plate and contain numerous air cells and helps form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
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Lateral labrynth or masses
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What is the formal term for the left sphenoid fontanel in the adult?
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Pterion
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What is the name of the cranial suture formed by the inferior junction of the parietals to the temporal bones?
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Lamboidal
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What are two terms for the small, irregular bones found in the adult skull sutures?
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Wormian bones
Sutural bones |
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In what bone is the ptergoid hamulus found?
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Sphenoid
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Which cranial bone is the anterior clinoid processes located in?
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Sphenoid
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Which cranial bone is the glabella located on?
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Frontal
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Which cranial bone is the foramen ovale located on?
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Sphenoid
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Which cranial bone is the perpendicular plate located on?
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Ethmoid
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Which cranial bone is the zygomatic process located on?
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Temporal
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Which cranial bone is the lateral condylar portions located on?
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Occipital
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Which cranial bone is the superciliary arch located on?
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Frontal
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Which one of the following skull classifications applies to a skull with an angle of 54 degrees between the midsagittal plane and the long axis of the pars petrosa?
A. Mesocephalic B. Dolichocephalic C. Brachycephalic |
Brachycephalic
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What skull morphology is considered 'average'?
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Mesocephalic
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Reid's line is an older term for:
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IOML
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Which landmark corresponds to the highest level of the petrous ridge?
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TEA
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How much of a difference in degrees is there between the OML and IOML?
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7 - 8 degrees
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Which of the following positioning errors frequently results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?
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Rotation
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Condition that begins with bony destruction followed by bony repair:
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Paget's disease
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Destructive lesion with irregular margins:
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Osteolytic lesion
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Fracture evident by sphenoid sinus effusion:
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Basal skull fracture
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Fracture of the skull with jagged or irregular lucent line which lies at a right angle to the axis of the bone:
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Linear fracture
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Tangential view may be helpful to determine extent or degree of this fracture:
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Depressed fracture
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Which of the following pathologic indications may require a DECREASE in manual exposure factors?
A. Pituitary adenoma B. Linear skull fracture C. Paget's disease D. Multiple myeloma |
Multiple Myeloma
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Which imaging modality may be used to examine a possible cranial bleed caused by a trauma?
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CT
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Which imaging modality provides an excellent distinction between normal and abnormal brain tissue?
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NM
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Which aspect of the temporal bone is considered to be thinnest?
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Squamous
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Which aspect of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and balance?
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Petrous
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Which middle ear bone is considered to be most lateral?
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Malleus
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Which structure helps equalize atmospheric pressure in the middle ear?
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Eustachian tube
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What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?
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Auditory nerve
Blood vessels |
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The aditus is an opening between the _______ and the _____ portion of the temporal bone.
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Epitympanic recess
Mastoid |
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An infection of the mastoid air cells, if untreated, can lead to a serious infection of the brain called:
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Encephalitis
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Which auditory ossicle attaches to the oval window?
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Stapes
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The internal ear is divided into the osseous or bony labyrinth and the ______ labyrinth.
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Mebranous
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List the three divisions of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear:
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Cochlea
Vestibule Semi-circular canals</p> |
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A benign, cystlike mass of the middle ear is a:
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Cholestatoma
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Which two projections of the cranium project the dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum?
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AP axial
PA axial |
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What CR angle is used for the AP axial projection (Towne) for skull with the IOML perpendicular to the IR?
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37 degrees caudad
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(T/F)
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease. |
True
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What is the CR angle for the AP axial projection with a perpendicular OML?
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30 degrees caudad
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Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?
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2" superior to the EAM
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To prevent tilting of the skull for the lateral projection of the cranium, the _______ line is placed perpendicular to the image receptor.
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Interpupillary
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Where should the petrous ridges be located (on the image) for a well positioned, 25 degree caudad PA axial (Haas) projecton?
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Superior to the mastoid processes and symmetrical
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Where is the CR centered for an SMV projection of the skull?
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1.5" inferior to the mandibular symphysis, midway between the gonions
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How much is the CR angled to the IOML for an AP axial projection of the sella turcica when the posterior clinoid processes are of primary interest?
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37 degrees caudad
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How much is the CR angled to the IOML for an AP axial projection when the anterior clinoid processes are of primary interest?
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30 degrees caudad
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Situation:
A radiograph of an AP axial projection for the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected just above rather than into the foramen magnum. What must be modified during the repeat exposure to correct this problem? |
Increase CR angle approx. 7 degrees caudad
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Situation:
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the greater wings of sphenoid are not superimposed. What type of positioning error present on this radiograph? |
Rotation
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situation:
A radiograph of a 15 degree caudad PA axial projection of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are at the level of the supraorbital margin. Without changing the CR angle, how must the head position be modified during the repeat exposure to produce a more acceptable image? |
Increase extension of the skull to place the OML perpendicular to the IR
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Situation:
A pt with a possible basilar skull fracture enters the ER. The physician want to demonstrate a sphenoid sinus effusion. Which projection of the cranium would be best for this situation? |
Horizontal beam lateral skull projection with a 15 degree cephalad angle to the OML
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Situation:
A pt comes to radiology for a skull series . Because of the size of the pts shoulders, he is unable to flex his neck suffciently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. His head cannot be raised because of possible cervical trauma. What other options does the tech have to obtain an acceptable AP axial projection? |
Use the IOML instead of the OML and increase CR angle an additional 7 degrees caudad for a total of 37 degrees
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Situation:
A radiograph of an AP axial (Towne) projectopm fpr cranium reveals that the anterior arch of C1 is projected within the foramen magnum. What modification is needed to correct this error present on the initial radiograph? |
Decrease CR angle based on the skull line used
(OML-30 degrees, IOML-37 degrees) |
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Situation:
A radiograph of a lateral skull demonstrates that the orbital plates (roof) of the frontal bone are not superimposed. What is the positioning error present on this radiograph? |
Tilt
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Situation:
A radiograph of an AP axial (Towne) for cranium reveals that the left petrous portion of the temporal bone is wider than the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph? |
Rotation of the skull to the patient's right
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Situation:
A radiograph of a SMV projection of the cranium demonstrates that the mandibular condyles are projected into the petrous portion (pyramids) of the temporal bone. How must the positon be altered during the repeat exposure to correct this error? |
Extend the skull further to place the IOML parallel to the IR
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Situation:
A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst in the squamous portion of the frontal bone. Which projection would best demonstrate this structure? |
PA axial with no CR angulation
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Situation:
A patient comes to radiology for a study of the sella turcica. What routines would best demonstrate this structure? |
AP axial
Lateral |
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Which skull projection results in the highest thyroid dose?
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SMV
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What structure in the inner ear is responsible for hearing?
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Cochlea
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Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sella turcica?
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3/4" anterior and superior to EAM
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Situation:
A patient comes with a clinical history of pituitary adenoma. Which projections best demonstrate erosion of the dorsum sella? |
AP-axial Towne method
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What bone forms the majority of the hard palate?
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Ethmoid
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The upper and lower teeth are embedded in what type of bone?
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Alveolar
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What is the only paranasal sinus NOT contained within a cranial bone?
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Maxillary sinus
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The 'antrum of Highmore' is an old term for the:
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Maxillary sinuses
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Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone?
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Lateral masses
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Which sinuses develop last and are not fully formed until the teenage years?
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Ethmoid
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What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Water's) projection?
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37 degrees
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