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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Areas of upper limb
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1) arm (brachium) - from shoulder to elbow
2) cubital fossa - area anterior to elbow joint 3) forearm (antebrachium) - from elbow to wrist a) surrounded by antebrachial fascia 4) hand & fingers (digits) - thumb is digit #1; little finger is digit #5 |
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Bones of the Upper Limb
x 6 1) Pectoral Girdle |
- consists of clavicle & scapula; attaches upper limb to trunk of body
a) Clavicle 1) articulates with sternum & acromion of scapula 2) serves as strut to hold shoulder & upper limb out away from body to allow for maximum range of upper limb motion 3) protects underlying blood vessels & nerves as they enter upper limb b) Scapula - curved, flattened bone with triangular shape 1) has spine on dorsal surface - spine continuous laterally with acromion process a) acromion forms bony tip of shoulder b) spine of scapula, acromion & clavicle form V-shape 2) motions of scapula: a) elevation-depression - up/down (vertical) movements of shoulder b) protrusion (moves anteriorly) - retraction (adduction; moves toward vertebral column) - for pushing-pulling movements c) superior rotation (upwards) & inferior rotation (downward) - rotation of scapula that produces superior or inferior movement of glenoid fossa; used during aduction-adduction of humerus at shoulder joint |
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Bones of the Upper Limb
x 6 2) Humerus |
bone of arm
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Bones of the Upper Limb
x 6 3) Radius |
lateeral or thumb side of forearm
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Bones of the Upper Limb
x 6 4) Ulna |
medial side of arm
a) shafts of radius & ulna joined together by interosseous membrane (connective tissue layer) |
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Bones of the Upper Limb
x 6 5) Wrist |
consists of 8 carpal bones, in two rows of 4 bones each (proximal row & distal row)
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Bones of the Upper Limb
x 6 6) Hand |
a) metacarpal bones - form palm of hand
1) first metatarsal (at base of thumb) is free to move 2) metacarpals 2-5 joined together in single unit by fascia, tendons, & muscle b) phalanges - bones of the digits; 2 in thumb, 3 each in other digits |
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 1) Sternoclavicular Joint |
- between superior sternum & medial end of clavicle
a) this is the only bony articualtion uniting pectoral girdle (& thus upper limb) to body trunk b) motions: flexion-extension (anterior-posterior motion), abduction-adduction (superior-inferior motion), circumduction (combination of other motions)` |
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 2) Acromioclavicular Joint |
- between lateral end of clavicle & acromion of scapula
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 3) Glenohumeral Joint |
- ball & socket shoulder joint
a) head of humerus articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula b) motions at shoulder: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, circumduction, & medial and lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder joint |
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 4) Elbow joint |
- formed by articulations between:
a) trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna b) capitulum of humerus and head of radius c) motions at elbow: flexion-extension only |
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 5) Radial-Ulnar Articulation |
- articulations between proximal ends of radius & ulna and distal ends of radius & ulna - allow for pronation-supination of forearm
a) supinated position - palm forward (anatomical position); forearm bones are parallel b) pronated position - palm backward; distal radius crossed over ulna c) pronation - moving from supinated (anatomical) position to pronated position d) supination - moving from pronated position to supinated position e) pronation-supination motions - head of radius rotates; distal radius flips over distal distal ulna |
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 6) Radiocarpal Joint |
- wrist joint
a) srticulation between proximal row of carpal bones & distal end of radius 1) note that distal ulna does not articulate with carpal bones b) motions at wrist: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, circumduction |
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 7) Metacarpophalangeal Joints |
(knuckle joints of hand) - at base of fingers
a) motions: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, circumduction |
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Joints of the Upper Limb
x 8 Interphalangeal Joints |
- between phalanx bones within fingers & thumb
a) motions: flexion-extension only |
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Deep Fascia of Upper Limb
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1) Brachial Fascia - arm
2) Antebrachial fascia - forearm a) muscle tendons that pass from the forearm into the hand are held in place at the wrist by specialized thickenings of teh antebrachial fascia 1) flexor retinaculum - on anterior wrist 2) extensor retinaculum - on posterior wrist |