Bone Tissue

Front 1

Hyaline cartilage is:

Back 1

found at the ends of bones that are located at movable joints.

Front 2

When chondrocytes divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called:

Back 2

interstitial growth.

Front 3

What is the most common type of cartilage found between bones in freely moveable joints?

Back 3

hyaline cartilage

Front 4

The axial skeleton includes:

Back 4

ribs.

Front 5

Bones do not have a role in:

Back 5

glycogen production.

Front 6

Which of the following is stored in bones?

Back 6

Phosphate

Front 7

Osteoblasts:

Back 7

form new bone.

Front 8

In adults, hematopoietic tissue is mainly found in:

Back 8

the hip bones.

Front 9

The osteon is:

Back 9

the structural unit of compact bone.

Front 10

The notable hardness of bone is attributed to:

Back 10

the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites.

Front 11

Which of the following is unlikely to trigger bone remodeling?

Back 11

Glucagon

Front 12

What is osteoid?

Back 12

the organic part of the matrix of bone

Front 13

During infancy and childhood, the most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is:

Back 13

growth hormone.

Front 14

What is endochondral ossification?

Back 14

the formation of bone from pre-existing hyaline cartilage models

Front 15

What indicates that a long bone has reached its adult length?

Back 15

closure of the epiphyseal plate

Front 16

What controls bone remodeling?

Back 16

mechanical stress and hormones

Front 17

What is the final stage in the healing of a bone fracture?

Back 17

bone remodeling

Front 18

Choose the correct pairing.

Back 18

Osteomalacia: excessive mineralization of the bone Paget's disease: excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption Rickets: deficiency of vitamin A Osteoporosis: increased bone density

Front 19

Flat bones consist of compact bone sandwiched between spongy bone.

Back 19

False

Front 20

Which of the following refers to a bone disorder found most often in the aged and resulting in the bones becoming porous and light?

Back 20

osteoporosis

Front 21

Hyaline cartilage ________.

Back 21

is found on the ends of bones that form movable joints

Front 22

When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called ________.

Back 22

interstitial growth

Front 23

Which type of cartilage covers and protects the ends of bones at freely moveable joints?

Back 23

hyaline cartilage

Front 24

The axial skeleton includes the ________.

Back 24

ribs

Front 25

Choose the FALSE statement.

Back 25

Long bones include all limb bones except the patella. Irregular bones include the vertebrae and hip bones. Sesamoid bones form within certain tendons. The sternum is an example of a flat bone.

Front 26

The main role of the appendicular skeleton is to protect and support vital organs.

Back 26

False

Front 27

What type of bone is the patella?

Back 27

sesamoid bone

Front 28

Hematopoiesis is a term for which of the following physiological processes?

Back 28

blood cell formation

Front 29

Bones do NOT have a role in ________.

Back 29

glycogen production

Front 30

Which of the following is stored in bones?

Back 30

phosphate

Front 31

Which hormone is produced in bone and regulates bone formation, but also protects against diabetes mellitus?

Back 31

osteocalcin

Front 32

In adults, yellow marrow is located ________.

Back 32

in the medullary cavity of long bones

Front 33

Osteoclasts ________.

Back 33

break down bone

Front 34

Which description of bone cells is INCORRECT?

Back 34

Osteogenic cells can differentiate into osteoclasts. Osteoclasts secrete digestive enzymes and hydrogen ions. Bone lining cells on the internal surfaces of bone are also called endosteal cells. Osteoblasts secrete collagen and calcium-binding proteins.

Front 35

In adults, hematopoietic tissue is NOT found in ________.

Back 35

the medullary cavity of long bones

Front 36

The osteon is ________.

Back 36

the structural unit of compact bone

Front 37

The notable hardness of bone is attributed to ________.

Back 37

the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites

Front 38

Which of the following is a bone projection?

Back 38

trochanter

Front 39

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

Back 39

osteon

Front 40

Which bone cells form bone?

Back 40

osteoblasts

Front 41

What is osteoid?

Back 41

the organic part of the matrix of bone

Front 42

Flat bones consist of compact bone sandwiched between spongy bone.

Back 42

False

Front 43

The epiphyseal plate is ________.

Back 43

where long bone lengthening occurs

Front 44

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of ________.

Back 44

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Front 45

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

Back 45

fat

Front 46

The term diploë refers to the ________.

Back 46

internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Front 47

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________.

Back 47

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Front 48

The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.

Back 48

False

Front 49

During infancy and childhood, the most important stimulus of epiphyseal plate activity is ________.

Back 49

growth hormone

Front 50

What is endochondral ossification?

Back 50

the formation of bone from pre-existing hyaline cartilage models

Front 51

What indicates that a long bone has reached its adult length?

Back 51

closure of the epiphyseal plate

Front 52

What tissue forms the model for endochondral ossification?

Back 52

cartilage

Front 53

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.

Back 53

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Front 54

Cranial bones develop ________.

Back 54

within fibrous membranes

Front 55

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

Back 55

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.

Front 56

Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth.

Back 56

False

Front 57

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?

Back 57

calcitonin

Front 58

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?

Back 58

calcitriol

Front 59

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)

Back 59

increase osteoblasts on bone

Front 60

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?

Back 60

calcitriol

Front 61

Hypercalcemia can be caused by_________.

Back 61

hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone

Front 62

What controls bone remodeling?

Back 62

mechanical stress and hormones

Front 63

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

Back 63

parathyroid hormone

Front 64

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?

Back 64

thyroid