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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the two component model? |
79% fat-free mass 21% fat mass -Most commonly used |
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what is the four component model? |
water fat mass protein bone mineral (organized most abundant to least) |
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what is the anatomical model? |
muscle storage fat bone skin organs blood and essential fat (most abundant to least) |
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what does essential fat consist of? |
fat stored in major organs, muscles, bone marrow, and the central nervous system. -required for normal physiological function -serves as nutritional reserve |
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what is Fat-Free Body Mass? what is the equation?*** |
body mass devoid of ALL fat FFM= Total Body mass-Total fat mass FFM= total body mass -(essential fat mass + storage fat mass) |
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what is lean body mass? what is the equation?*** |
body mass devoid of all storage fat LBM= Total body mass - total storage fat mass |
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what are girth measurements? and what are possible issues? |
-requires only a measuring tape -measures the circumference of fat sites and muscle sites. Issues: -skill required in consistently measuring -location of sites may not reflect fat distribution |
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what is waist to hip ratio? and what are possible issues? |
-measure circumference of the natural waist (umbilicus) and the circumference of the buttocks. -hip measurement/ waist measurement Issues: -same as girth measurements |
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Body mass Index (BMI) -Why was it originally created? |
created by insurance companies based on morality statistics. |
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BMI equation |
BMI= weight (kg)/ Height (m)^2 |
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what are skinfold measurements based on? |
the concept that subcutaneous fat (found just under the skin) represents about half of all storage fat. -one of the most common research approaches to body comp. over the past 30 years. |
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what is bioelectric impedance? |
based on principle that fatty tissue is less-efficient conductor of electrical current than muscle. -lean tissue has more water and less resistance than fatty tissue. |
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why do people use hydrostatic weighing? |
Because fat and lean body tissues have relatively stable densities, if we know the density of the body, we can calculate percent body fat. |
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what is a whole body plethysmography? |
measures body volume by measuring pressure changes in a closed chamber after injection of a known volume of air--larger body volumes displace more air. issues: -very expensive equipment -densities of fat and fat-free tissues are variable dependent on age, race, and activity. |
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what does the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) do? |
measures the absorption of two different low-dose X-rays in a whole body scanner to determine bone and soft tissue mass. -considered to be the new gold standard for measuring body fat and bone density. |
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if you could chose 1 measure of Body Composition to be used as an international screening tool, which one wold you choose? why? |
BMI -low cost, requires no training, very quick to do. |
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what are the BMI classifications? |
18.5= underweight 18.5-24.9 = normal 25-29=overweight Obesity class= I. 30-34.9 II. 35- 39.9 III > 40
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what percent of America is obese? |
31% of America is obese, most of the world is about 10% |
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What is a common way for women to store fat? |
Gynoid= pear shape, fat storage around hips |
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what is the common way for males to store fat? |
Android= apple shape, fat stores around waist -associated with more health risks! |
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What are the direct and indirect costs of obesity in America? |
Direct: preventative, diagnostic, and treatment services related to obesity. Indirect: Morbidity costs and Mortality costs |
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what are the leading causes of death due to different causes in the US |
1. cardiovascular disease 2. cancer 3. stroke 4. respiratory disease 5. accidents 6. diabetes |
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what increases your risk for heart disease? and what increases your risk of hypertension and dyslipidemia (high cholesterol) |
abdominal fat and body fat |
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how more likely are obese individuals to developing diabetes than a normal person? |
3 times more likely |
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What is the KLF14 gene? |
Has been found to regulate genes involving obesity; cholesterol; circulating fat, insulin, and glucose in the blood; and the effectiveness of insulin. |
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What is the KLF14 gene? |
Has been found to regulate genes involving obesity; cholesterol; circulating fat, insulin, and glucose in the blood; and the effectiveness of insulin. |
