Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vascular system |
- is a closed system |
|
5 types of blood vessels |
|
|
Arteries |
|
|
Arterioles |
|
|
Capillaries |
|
|
Venules |
|
|
Veins |
|
|
Blood circuits |
|
|
Pulmonary circuit |
|
|
Pulmonary vessels include: |
|
|
pulmonary trunk and its arterial branches |
carry low oxygen blood from right ventricle to lungs |
|
capillaries in lungs |
gases, nutrients and waste are exchanged |
|
pulmonary veins |
carry freshly oxygenated blood to left atrium |
|
Pulmonary arteries & systemic veins carry blood.. |
low in oxygen content |
|
Pulmonary veins & systemic arteries carry blood... |
high in oxygen content |
|
Systemic circuit |
|
|
Systemic vessels: |
|
|
aorta |
receives freshly oxygenated blood from left ventricle, then branches into systemic arteries carrying blood to tissue |
|
systemic capillaries |
blood vessels through which materials are exchanged |
|
systemic veins |
carry blood low in oxygen towards heart |
|
Vessel structure |
|
|
3 tunics |
|
|
inner tunic |
membrane of simple, squamous epithelial cells making up the endothelium |
|
middle tunic |
thickest layer is made up of smooth (involuntary) muscle under control of autonomic nervous system |
|
outer tunic |
made of supporting connective tissue |
|
elastic tissue |
|
|
walls of veins |
same three layers as arteries however middle smooth muscle tunic is relatively thin in veins |
|
systemic arteries |
begin with aorta |
|
Aorta |
|
|
Aorta - 4 parts |
|
|
Ascending aorta |
|
|
aortic arch |
|
|
thoracic aorta |
|
|
abdominal aorta |
|
|
Ascending Aorta branches: |
|
|
Aortic Arch branches: |
|
|
brachiocephalic artery |
|
|
right subclavian artery |
|
|
right common carotid |
|
|
left common carotid artery |
|
|
left subclavian artery |
|
|
branches of thoracic aorta (descending aorta) |
|
|
branches of abdominal aorta (descending aorta) |
|
|
Celiac trunk |
subdivides into:
|
|
Superior mesenteric |
|
|
Inferior mesenteric |
|
|
Abdominal aorta's paired lateral branches (4): |
|
|
Iliac arteries subdivisions (2): |
|
|
internal iliac |
sends branches to pelvic organs:
|
|
external iliac |
|
|
Arteries branch to arm and head (3) |
|
|
external carotid artery |
branches to thyroid gland and other structures in head and upper part of neck |
|
internal carotid artery |
travels into head, branches to supply eye, anterior portion of brain |
|
Subclavian artery (2 branches, 1 sub branch) |
|
|
Vertebral artery |
|
|
Axillary artery |
|
|
brachial artery |
|
|
Radial artery |
|
|
Ulnar artery |
|
|
Anastomoses |
|
|
Cerebral arterial circle (Circle of willis) |
receives blood from 2 internal carotid arteries & basilar artery (formed by union of two vertebral arteries) |
|
Superficial palmar arch |
formed by union of radial and ulnar arteries in hand |
|
Mesenteric arches |
made up of communications between branches of vessels that supply blood to intestinal tract |
|
arterial arches: arcuate artery |
formed by union of dorsalis pedis artery and second branch of anterior tibial artery |
|
Systemic veins (2 types) |
|
|
Superficial veins |
|
|
cephalic, basilic, median cubital veins |
on back of hand, front of elbow |
|
saphenous veins |
lower extremities |
|
deep veins |
|
|
jugular veins (2 subdivisions) |
|
|
internal jugular |
receives blood from large veins that drain in the head |
|
external jugular |
drains areas supplied by external carotid artery |
|
brachiocephalic vein |
on each side, subclavian & internal/external jugular veins join to form brachiocephalic vein |
|
Venae cavae and 3 branches (tributaries) |
|
|
azygos vein |
|
|
Venous Sinuses |
|
|
Types of venous sinuses |
|
|
cranial venous sinuses |
spaces between two layers of dura mater |
|
Hepatic portal system |
Carries blood from abdominal organs to liver to be processed before returning to heart |
|
Hepatic portal system consists of: |
|
|
superior mesenteric vein |
|
|
Splenic vein |
|
|
other tributaries of portal circulation are |
|
|
sinusoids |
sinus-like capillaries |
|
Circulation physiology |
Blood exchanges oxygen, carbon dioxide, other substances generated by cells |
|
Interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) |
|
|
capillary exchange |
how substances move between cells and capillary blood diffusion, blood pressure, osmotic pressure |
|
Diffusion |
|
|
Blood pressure |
|
|
Osmotic pressure |
|
|
Dynamics of blood flow |
the volume of blood flowing to particular organ can be regulated by changing size of blood vessel supplying that organ |
|
Vasomotor |
vasomotor center in medulla regulates changes in vessel diameter, sends messages through ANS |
|
vasodilation |
increase in blood vessel's internal diameter |
|
vasoconstriction |
decrease in blood vessel's internal diameter |
|
precapillary sphincter |
band of smooth muscle encircling entrance to each capillary controlling it's blood supply - widens to allow more blood to enter when cells need more oxygen |
|
Return of blood to heart (3) |
Mechanisms that promote blood's return to heart: - contraction of skeletal muscles |
|
the pulse |
|
|
Blood pressure |
|
|
total blood volume |
refers to total amount of blood that is in vascular system at a given time adding volume increases blood pressure |
|
Cardiac output |
volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle in a minute |
|
Resistance to blood flow (peripheral resistance) factors (7) |
|
|
blood pressure measurement |
measured in brachial arm artery using sphygmomanometer |
|
systolic pressure |
|
|
diastolic pressure |
|
|
Abnormal blood pressure |
|
|
essential hypertension |
hypertension with no apparent medical cause |
|
Hypertension stages |
Stage 1: 140/90mm Hg |
|
treatment of hypertension |
stage 1: diet, exercise, weight loss |
|
Arterial degeneration |
|
|
arteriosclerosis S&S |
|
|
Atherosclerosis |
|
|
Atherosclerosis Signs and symptoms |
Signs: thickening/hardening of blood vessels, loss of elasticity, promotes throbus formation Symptoms: hypertension, sudden rupture blood vessels, tachycardia, sweating |
|
Gangrene |
|
|
Treatment for Arterial Degeneration (4) |
|
|
Aneurysm |
|
|
Hemorrhage |
profuse escape of blood from vessels |
|
Thrombosis |
|
|
thrombosis S&S |
|
|
Phlebitis |
|
|
Varicose veins |
|
|
Shock |
- inadequate blood flow to body tissues - 4 types |
|
4 types of shock |
|