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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Degenerative Joint Disease
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A.K.A. osteoarthritis
Most common form of arthritis Characterized by progressive erosion of articular cartilage Bony outgrowths, osteophytes, may occur Hip, knees, and vertebrae are the major sites of involvement |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder
Sustained by auto-immune reaction The mass that is produced is the PANNUS Ultimately, obliteration of the joint space and FUSION Rheumatoid nodules occur in 25% (esp. children) |
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Crystal Induced Joint Disease
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Most commonly is gout (monosodium urate)
Can be pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) Provoked by precipitated crystals in the synovium |
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Osteopenia
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Decreased bone mass to below normal
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Osteomalacia
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Condition of defective matrix mineralization
Associated with nutritional deficit or Vit. D problems Undermineralized bone is formed Known as Rickets in children |
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Osteoporosis
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Reduction in the mass of bone per unit volume (SO, decr. density)
Micro-architectural deterioration of bone (porosity) Bone resorption exceeds bone formation MINERALIZATION IS NORMAL The most common metabolic bone disease |
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Type I Osteoporosis
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Occurs primarily in post-menopausal women
Related to loss of estrogen --> Inc. recruitments of osteoclasts Fractures typically occur in trabecular bone Distal forearm, vertebral bodies |
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Type II Osteoporosis
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Associated with aging, in BOTH men and women
Associated with progressively fewer osteoblasts Loss of bone on BOTH trabecular and cortical sites Fractures common in the femur, femoral neck, proximal tibia, pelvis |
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Idiopathic Osteoporosis
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Seen in the young
UNCOMMON |
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Vertebral regions most prone to osteoporosis
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Mid-lower thoracic
Lumbar Fracture of vertebrae is most prominent in anterior portion Produces flattening and wedging Shortening and kyphosis of the spine |
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Paget Disease
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Osteolytic --> Osteoclastic/blastic --> Osteosclerotic
Appears to involve both environmental and genetic factors Begins to appear at 40 years Slight male preponderance Pelvis > skull > femur > spine > tibia Haphazard mosaic pattern in bone Cortex is thickened but NOT strengthened |
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Osteopetrosis
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A.K.A. Marble Bone Disease
Rare hereditary disease Osteoclast function is defective |
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Osteonecrosis
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Usually involves the head of the femur
Subchondral pain and fracture 40-80% have bilateral disease in 10 yrs Necrosis of bone marrow results in collapse of cartilage Attempts at repair never restore normal contour |
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Osteomyelitis
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Inflammation of the bone and marrow
Due to Staph or Mycobacteria |
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Different types of fractures
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Complete vs. Incomplete
Closed vs. Compound Comminuted vs. Displaced Stress Pathologic |
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Fibrous Cortical Defect
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NOT a neoplasm
20 - 50% of normal kids Gradually disappears by the end of teens Only important because if they grow large, they weaken bone |
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Osteosarcoma
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Most common malignant neoplasm of bone
Tumor cells capable of making osteoid Most common in young men Responds to chemo 5-yr of > 60% using chemo and limb salvage |
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Ewing's Sarcoma
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A.K.A. PNET
Nearly all show TRANSLOCATION t(11;22) Most common in the young (2/3 < 20 yo) More common in boys than girls (2:1) 5-yr. of 60 - 75% with chemo, radio, and surgery |