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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the primary need for cells?
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non-recyclable energy
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what is an autotrph?
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make their own food by:
1)photosynthesis light-food 2)chemosythesis inorganic chem into sugar (bacteria) |
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Why do cells need energy constantly?
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-to maintain homeostasis
-to manufacture needed substances & tear down others -to store more usable energy |
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Photosynthesis
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absorb light energy and convert to stred chemical energy
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explain process of photosynthesis
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6 co2 + 12 h20 + sunlight =
c6h1206 + 602 + 6H20 |
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Dr Melvin Calvin
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Nobel Prize 1961 worked out details of photosythesis into a series of steps
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Joseph Priestly
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1. candle burn -air kills mouse
2.add plant and light-mouse lives |
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chlorophyll
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green pigment
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primary catlyst of photosynthesis
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large molecule with head & tail portion (Mg++ and carbon)
does not contain Fe(iron) butneed Fe and light |
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where are the light capturing pigments
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the grana of chloroplasts
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how many types of chloroghyll are there
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4
a,b,c,d only chlorphyll a carries on photosynthesis others pass on light energy of different wave lengths |
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plastids
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membrane bound organelles NOT
in animals |
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what are the two types of plastids
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Leucoplasts-for storage and colorless
chromoplast-for synthesis colored red,ornage, and yellow |
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chloroplasts
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most commmon chromoplast
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ATP
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adenosine triphoshate
smallest unit of stored energy in cells temporary, unstable constantly remake it |
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ADP
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adenosine diphosphate
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what is ATP energy used for
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active transport
biosynthesis cellular movement locomotion |
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phosphate bonds
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very high energy bonds, unstable
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requirements for photosynthesis
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1. light of right wavelength
2. CO2(into cell) (.03% of atmosphere) 3.temperature (varies with plants) 4. H20 |
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where does photosynthesis take place
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in membranes of grana of chloroplasts
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1st stage of photosynthesis
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light energy absorbed and brake apart H20 (photolysis)
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second stage of photosynthesis
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after water broken down oxygen is release
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3rd stage of photosynthesis
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as hydorgen and electorns pass on, energy is release so ADP + P--ATP
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what is needed for the second pahse (dark phase) of photosynthesis
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ATP + electorns +hydrogen
dark phase can only continue if light phase is on for long term |
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synthetic phase
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CO2 + products of light--glucose
can take place in light or dark but need products of light reaction to go. |
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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requires oxygen
breakdown of food into usable cellular enery in form of ATP |
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Glycolysis
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breakdown of glucose
in cytoplasm (where enzyms) |
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glucose
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C6H12O6
activation energy to start |
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where do the citric acid cycle and the hydrogyn electron transport system take place
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mitochondria
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cellular respiration
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takes stored chemical energy (glucose) and converts it to ready to use chemical energy ATP 50% of glucose energy
C6H1206 +O2--H2O +CO2 +ATP |
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fermentation
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breakdown of foood (glucose) without O2
ex: bacteria, yeast, alcohol |
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metabolism
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all life processes
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anabolism
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build up molecules needs energy
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catabolism
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break down molesules releases energy
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protein synthesis
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crucial to life
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2 types of proteins
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1. enzymes
2. stuctural protein |
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what are proteins
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polypeptide chain of amino acids (aa)
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what do the sequence of bases do in DNA
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determines sequence of 20 amino acids in proteins
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what are the 4 bases?
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adenine
thymine arranged in guanine 3 letter cytosine codes which determines aa |
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what types of RNA is needed to get code form DNA
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1.messenger RNA
2.transfer RNA 3.ribosomal RNA (rRNa) |
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messenger RNA (mRNA)
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performs "transcription"
contains code for amino acids gotten from DNA mRNA carries code form nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm there mRNA read each 3 letter codon tells of aa and in right order |
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transfer RNA (tRNA)
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aa carried by tRNA--carries to mRNA--order of codons
3 bases on tRNA: anticodon |