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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the nervous system? What are its two main functions? What two sub-systems is it divided into? |
A specialized network of cells in the human body. =To collect, process and respond to information in the environment. =To co-ordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body. -Central Nervous system and Peripheral nervous system |
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What is the CNS made up of? Describe the brain: Describe the spinal cord: What does the CNS do? |
-Brain and the spinal chord -Centre of all conscious awareness. Brain's outer layer (Cerebral Cortex) is highly developed and is what distinguishes us from those of animals. The brain is divided into two hemispheres. -An extension of the brain which is responsible for reflex actions. -Passes messages to and from the brain and connects nerves to the PNS. |
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Describe the Peripheral nervous system: What is it divided into? Describe them: |
-Transmits messages via neurons (nerve cells) to and from the CNS. -Autonomic and Somatic nervous system. Autonomic= governs vital functions in the body i.e. breathing and heart rate and operates involuntarily; divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Somatic= controls muscle movement and receives information from sensory receptors. |
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What is the endocrine system? What do glands do? Give an example. What does Thyroxine do? |
-One of the body's major information systems that instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream. -They synthesize hormones such as Thyroxine (produced by the Thyroid gland) and effect any cell in the body that has a receptor for that particular hormone. -It increases heart rate and metabolic rates in turn effecting growth rates. |
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What is the major endocrine gland? Where is it located? What does it do? |
-Pituitary -The Brain -It controls the release of hormones from all the other endocrine glands in the body. |
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When do the Endocrine and Autonomic nervous system work together? Discuss the process of fight or flight: |
-In fight or flight -Stressor is perceived> Hypothalamus triggers activity in the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system> ANS changes from resting state (parasympathetic nervous system) to the sympathetic state (physiologically aroused)> Adrenaline is released from adrenal gland and moves into the bloodstream> This triggers changes such as heart rate increase necessary for fight or flight response> THREAT PASSES > parasympathetic nervous system returns body to resting state> Acts as a break and reduces the activities that were increased to normal |
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What do the two parts of the autonomic system do overall? Describe biological changes with the sympathetic and parasympathetic response: |
Sympathetic= Speeds our internal functions up. Parasympathetic= Slows our internal functions down i.e. back to normal. Sympathetic= -Increases heart rate -Increases breathing rate -Dilates pupils -Inhibits digestion -Inhibits saliva production -Contracts Rectum Parasympathetic= -Decreases heart rate -Decreases breathing rate -Constricts pupils -Stimulates digestion -Stimulates saliva production -Relaxes rectum |
