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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ENDOGENOUS CIRCANNUAL RHYTHM
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An internal rhythm/calendar that prepares an animal for seasonal changes.
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ENDOGENOUS CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
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Self-generated rhythm that lasts about a day.
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BIOLOGICAL CLOCK
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The rhythm the brain generates.
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SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS
(SCN) |
Area of the hypothalamus.
Mainly responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm for sleep and temperature. |
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PINEAL GLAND
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An endocrine gland that releases melatonin
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MELATONIN
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A hormone that increases sleepiness.
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FREE-RUNNING RHYTHM
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A rhythm that occurs when no stimuli resets or alters it.
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ZEITGEBER
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Stimulus that resets the circadian rhythm.
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JET LAG
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Disruptions of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones.
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ELECTROENCEPHALONOGRAPH
(EEG) |
Records a gross average of the electrical potentials of the cells and fibers in the brain area closest to each electrode attatched to the scalp.
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ALPHA WAVES
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Characteristic of the relaxed state.
Have a frequency of 8-12 Hz per second. |
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SLEEP SPINDLE
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Characteristic of stage 2 sleep.
Consists of 12-14 Hz waves during a burst lasting for at least half a second. |
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K-COMPLEX
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Characteristic of stage 2 sleep.
Consists of a sharp, high amplitude negative wave followed by a smaller, slower, positive wave. Can occur in other stages. |
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SLOW-WAVE SLEEP
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Sleep stages 3 and 4.
Neuronal activity is highly synchronized. |
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PARADOXICAL SLEEP
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REM sleep.
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RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) SLEEP
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Sleep stage with rapid eye movements, high brain activity, and relaxation of the large muscles.
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POLYSOMNOGRAPH
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Combinatin of EEG and eye-movement records
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SLEEP APNEA
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Inability to breath while sleeping.
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PONTOMESENCEPALON
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Part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal.
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LOCUS COERULEUS
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Small structure inm the pons.
Usually inactive but emits bursts of impulses releasing norepinephrine in response to meaningful events. |
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ADENOSINE
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Breakdown product of AMP.
Neuromodulator that inhibits the basal forebrain cells that promote arousal and wakefulness. |
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CAFFEINE
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Drug found in coffee/tea/soft drinks that increases arousal by blocking adenosine.
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PROSTAGLANDINS
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Chemicals in most of the body that promote sleep.
Immune system increases their concentration in response to infection. |
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PGO SLEEP
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Distinctive pattern of high amplitude electrical potentials associated with REM slepe.
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INSOMNIA
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Lack of sleep that leaves the person feeling tired the next day.
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ONSET INSOMNIA
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Trouble falling asleep.
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TERMINATION INSOMNIA
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Waking too early with the inability to get back to sleep.
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NARCOLEPSY
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A condition characterized by frequent and unexpected periods of sleepiness during the day.
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CATAPLEXY
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Symptom associated with narcolepsy.
Attack of muscle weakness while the person remains awake. |
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SLEEP PARALYSIS
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Symptom of narcolepsy.
Complete inability to move when falling asleep. May be experienced by non-narcoleptics. |
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HYPNAGOGIC HALLUCINATIONS
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Symptom of narcolepsy.
Dreamlike experiences the individual has difficulty distinguishing from reality. |
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PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENT DISORDER
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Sometimes linked to insomnia.
Repeated involuntary movement of legs and sometimes arms while sleeping. |
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REM BEHAVIOR DISORDER
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A condition where people move around vigorously during REM periods, apparently acting out dreams.
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NIGHT TERRORS
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Experiences of intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror.
Occurs during non-REM sleep. |
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REPAIR AND RESTORATION THEORY OF SLEEP
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Main function of sleep is to let the brain and body repair and restore themselves.
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ACTIVATION SYNTHESESIS HYPOTHESIS
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Cortex combines haphazard input from PGO activated parts of the cortex with whatever else is occuring, summates and interprets to synthesize a story. = DREAM
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EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF SLEEP
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We evolved a need to sleep to force us to conserve energy when we would be relatively inefficient.
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CLINCO-ANATOMICAL HYPOTHESIS
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View that regards dreams as simply thinking that takes place under unusual conditions.
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