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354 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pellagra
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roughened skin caused by the deficiency of niacin (B-vitamin) (-agra rough)
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Immunoassay
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test that uses antibodies to detect a substance
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Immunodeficiency
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a lack of body defense against foreign invaders
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Impetigo
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contagious spreading bacterial disease of the skin, usually affecting the young
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Ischemia
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suppressed blood flow ("iskemia") (ischein to suppress)
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Coloboma
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defect in the development of a portion of the iris (koloboun = mutation) ("kol-lo-boma")
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Prophylactic
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defense against threat of disease or pregnancy (-phylaxis = guard, protect)
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Anaphylaxis
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systemic reaction and shock due to excess immunity
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Hemiplegia
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paralysis on one side of body ("hem-a-pla-gea")(-plegia paralysis)
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Paraplegia
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paralysis of lower (or hind) limbs
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Rabies
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fatal viral disease that often causes rages
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Syncope
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an act of fainting, usually cause by interruption of pulse or low blood sugar concentration "sin-ko-pee" (syncope fainting)
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Toxic
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poisonous
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Toxicology
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study of poisons
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Antitoxin
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antibody against a poison (tetanus)
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Traumatic
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the result of injury
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Virulent
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pertaining to exceedingly disease producing
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Abortion
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a failure of gestation
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Agonist
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an activator or mover
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Antagonist
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action that can nullify another action
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Cachexia
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general ill health and malnutrition (cancer)
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Bactericide
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agent that destroys bacteria
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Pesticide
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agent that destroys insects
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Dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing (dys- difficult, faulty)
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Dysentery
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an infectious, inflammatory condition of the lower intestinal tract w/ faulty absorption and severe diarrhea (dys- difficult, faulty)
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Dystocia
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birthing difficulty
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Eutocia
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normal birthing (eu- good, normal)
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Euthanasia
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quiet, painless death
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Invalid
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incapacitated by chronic illness or injury
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Irreducible
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incapable of being replaced in normal position
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Malformation
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incorrect development
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Malabsorption
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poor transport across the intestinal wall
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Mogiarthria
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difficult joint action due to incoordination (feline panleukopenia) (mogi- difficult)
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Pseudoarthrosis
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false joint resulting from faulty fracture healing
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Contralateral
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opposite side of the body
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Contraception
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preventing (opposite of) pregnancy
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Heterochromia
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different colored (irises)
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Heterophilic
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an immune stimulates that causes antibody formation against related stimuli (ant) (small pox and cowpox vaccine) (hetero- other, different)
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Homeopathy
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practice of treating disease w/ small amounts of a drug that in large amounts can cause the same symptoms of the disease
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Homeostasis
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state of being the same as normal
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Homologous
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corresponding in structure, location, or origin (homo- same) "hoe-mol-lo-gus"
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Homophobic
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prejudiced against homosexuals (fear of the same gender)
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Ipsilateral
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same side of the body (nerves)
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Sympathomimetic *
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causing similar effects to the sympathetic nerves (-mimetic imitation)
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Normocalcemia
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the normal serum level of calcium
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Paliesthesia *
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ability to feel vibrations (used to test hearing) (pali- recurrence, again)
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Palianesthesia
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inable to feel vibrations (spelled like paliesthesia but has the "an") (pali- recurrence, again)
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Tautomenial*
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pertaining to the same menstrual period (tauto- identical)
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Coitus*
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sexual connection between male and female (coito meeting)
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Commissure
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site of union of corresponding parts (eye lids, mouth – point/side) (com- with, together)
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Concentric
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having a common center (various sized overlapping rings w/ same center) (tree rings)
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Endocrine
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secreting blood-borne messages to other organs
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Hematocrit
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percentage of blood components in relation to total volume of a blood sample that has been separated by centrifugation (spinning) (PCV) (-crit to separate)
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Desmoid
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fibrous, like a ligament (desmo- binding/ligament)
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Desmorrhexis
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rupture of a ligament (desmo- binding/ligament)
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Enantiobiosis*
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2 organisms that live together but antagonize each other’s development (enanti- opposite)
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Fissure
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a deep cleft (fiss- split)
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Fission
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asexual reproduction when a cell divides into daughter cells (fiss- split)
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Centrifuge
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fleeing the center
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Hapten
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a substance that fastens to a small protein to form a complex that can trigger an allergic reaction (haptein to fasten)
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Ligature
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string, rubber band, or wire for surgical tying (stitches is not a medical term) (liga- to tie)
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Ligament
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a sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bones at a joint or supporting an organ (liga- to tie)
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Centripetal
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seeking the center
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Gastropexy
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fastening the stomach to the abdominal wall
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Hysteropexy
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fastening the uterus to the abdominal wall or vagina
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Schistosomiasis*
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a blood fluke parasite, the male has a groove down the length of his body to hold the female when mating (schisto- split)
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Schistocyte*
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sliced red blood cell (schisto- split)
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Schizophrenia
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split personality (skit-zo-phrenia)
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Schizonychia*
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splitting of fingernails or toenails (schizo- divided)
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Anal sphincter
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ring-like muscle that constricts the anus (spelled w/ h)
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Urethral sphincter
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ring-like muscle that constricts the urethra (urine canal) (spelled w/ h)
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Systole
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contraction of heart chambers
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Symphysis
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immovable joint united by plate of fibrocartilage (pelvis) ("sim-fe-sis") (sym- together)
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Synapse
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the junction of a nerve ending and another nerve or muscle or gland
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Valgus
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bent or twisted outward (bunion)
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Valgus knee (genu valgum)
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(lost its true meaning) (now refers to) knock-kneed
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Varus
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bent or twisted inward
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Varus knee (genu varum)
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(now refers to) bow-legged
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Xenodiagnosis
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use of lab animals to diagnose a parasitic disease
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Xenograft
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transplant of tissue from one species to another (pig valves) (xeno- strange, foreign)
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Ampulla
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sac-like dilation of a canal or duct
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Ampule
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small sealed glass of fluid for injection
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Ascites
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accumulation of excess fluid in the abdominal cavity
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Bursa
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a fibrous sac between tendon & bone or tendon & ligaments lined by a synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid
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Bursitis
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inflammation of a bursa
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Calyces
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cup-like collection area for urine in inner part of the kidneys
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Capsule
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a fibrous sheath that encloses an organ (capsula small box)
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Capsulotomy
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cutting into a capsule (of the lens of the eye)
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Cistern magna
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large area of cerebrospinal fluid collection between the cerebellum and the medulla (cisterna = reservoir)
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Cremaster muscle
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muscle which helps suspend the testicles and can pull them toward the abdomen
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Follicle
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an invagination of the skin’s surface that generates hair shafts, also a cavity in the ovaries that nourishes an egg (ovum)
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Patella
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kneecap, shallow dish-shaped sesamoid bone
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Pelvis
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a basin shaped group of bones that forms the hip
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Pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the kidney w/ an accumulation of pus in the kidney “basin”, i.e. calyces (pyelo- basin)(basin-kidney-inflammation)
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Pyelography
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injection of a dye for x-ray exam of the kidney calyces (pyelo- basin)
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Saccule
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a small pouch or cavity
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Sacculation
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act of forming small cavities
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Thecal
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referring to a sheath or case (often refers to tissue case for ovarian follicle)
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Vas deferens
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canal for semen going away from testes (vas = canal for fluid)
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Vascular
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pertaining to blood vessels
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Aqueous humor
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clear watery fluid in front chamber of eye
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Biliary
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relating to bile production and excretion
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Bilirubin
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pigment produced by the liver processing red blood cell breakdown products
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Cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gall bladder (chole- bile)
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Cholelith
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gall stone (chole- bile)
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Chylomicron
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fat globule transported in blood or lymphatic fluid (turbid white or yellow “juice”)
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Chylothorax
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accumulation of chyle (lymphatic fluid) in the chest
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Coprophagous
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feeding on excrement
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Coprophagy
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habit of eating excrement (young dogs and rabbits)
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Dacryoadenitis
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inflammation of tear gland (dacryo- tear)
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Eleotherapy
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treatment internally or externally w/ oil
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Fecal
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referral to digestive waste
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Fecalith
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a firm mass of digestive waste
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Flux
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discharge of large quantity of fluid from the body
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Galactorrhea
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flow of milk
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Galactose
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a milk sugar
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Cholecystagogue
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agent that causes gall bladder contraction (gall-bladder-to make flow)
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Hemocyte
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blood cell in invertebrates
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Hemolysis
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breaking up of red blood cells (hemotocin – swell & burst)
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Hidrosis
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sweating (hidro- sweat)
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Hidradenitis
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inflammation of sweat glands (stinky-armpits) (hidro- sweat)
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Hydrocephalus
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accumulation of fluid in brain
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Hygroma
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cystic swelling containing watery fluid (hygro- moisture)
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Hygroscopic
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retaining moisture
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Lactose
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a milk sugar
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Lactation
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process of producing milk
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Lymphocyte
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primary cell in lymph (watery circulating body fluid)
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Lymphedema
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swelling of tissue due to obstruction of lymph channels
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Mucous
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related to slimy substance (not mucus)
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Mucosa
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a mucous membrane
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myxedema
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a firm swelling caused by accumulating slimy material between cells (mucopolysaccharides)
(myxo- slimy) |
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myxomatosis
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disease of rabbits caused by pox virus characterized by tumors of slimy material (myxo- slimy)
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plasmacytoma
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tumor of plasma cells, producer of plasma (clotting protein-containing fluid of blood)
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plasmin
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enzyme in plasma that digests clots
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pyoderma
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skin disease causing pus in skin
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pyometra
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pus collecting in the uterus
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rhinorrhea
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runny nose
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diarrhea
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frequent and excessive evacuation of watery feces
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sanguineous
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relating to loss of blood (sangui- blood)
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serum
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resulting fluid of blood after a clot forms
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serosanguineous
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a fluid with aspects of both serum and blood caused by a disease
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sialocele
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cyst containing saliva (also called a ranula)
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sialoadenitis
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inflammation of a salivary gland (mumps) (sialo- saliva)
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sputum
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spit
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stercorous*
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relating to excrement (sterco- dung)
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sudoriferous
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producing sweat (sudor- sweat)
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acetabulum
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wine glass-like socket of the hip joint (as-se-tab-u-lum)
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acetaminophen
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pain reliever that contains an acetyl group, related to acetic acid (vinegar) "aceto-men-o-fen"
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adipose
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fat tissue
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albuminuria
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protein in urine related to egg white protein
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amygdaloid
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almond-shaped group of nerve cells in primitive part of the brain
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amyloid
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a protein combined with a starch
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amylase
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enzyme that breaks down starch
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casein
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milk protein found in cheese
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caseous
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dying tissue that begins to look like cheese (common w/ tuberculosis)
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creatine
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compound formed for energy storage in muscle (creat- meat, flesh)
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creatinine
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waste product of protein metabolism excreted in urine (creat- meat, flesh)
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farinaceous
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consisting of starch
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glycogen
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sugar molecules linked together
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glycogenolytic
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something that breaks up the sugar links in glycogen
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hordeolum
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barleycorn-like swelling of the upper eyelid caused by a plugged eyelid gland
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hyperkalemia
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excessive potassium (k) in the blood
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hypokalemia
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insufficient potassium (k) in the blood
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lecithin*
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a nutrient (phospholipid) from egg yolk (also found in the protective lining of nerves, myelin)
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lipoma
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tumor of fat tissue (benign)
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liposuction
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removal of excess fat by a needle and suction
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hypernatremia
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excess sodium (Na) in blood
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natriuresis
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loss of sodium (Na) in urine
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nutrient
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a food for the body
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nutritious
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providing energy and building substances for the body
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phagocyte
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a cell that engulfs (eats) invaders or debris to remove from the body
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dysphagia
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difficulty in eating (phago- eat)
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pica
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desire to eat things that are unfit for food (cattle = hardware disease)
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pimelorthopnea*
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too fat to breathe laying down (pimelo- lard)
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placental
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referring to the large flat membranes that nourish young in the uterus
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proteolytic
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something that breaks down proteins
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saccharine
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relating to sweetness
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sebaceous
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relating to an oily/fatty secretion of skin oil glands
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seborrhea
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skin disease characterized by excessive oiliness (sebum = solidified fat, grease)
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siderocyte
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red blood cell containing granules of free iron (not normal)
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steatitis
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inflammation of fat (steato- fat)
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steatorrhea
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greasy, watery feces (steato- fat)
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synovial
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referring to an egg white surface of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae (synovia = egg white)
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synovitis
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inflammation of synovial membranes
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tyrosine
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amino acid from cheese, breakdown product of casein
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tyrophagus
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species of mites, name means “cheese eater” (tyro- cheese)
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vitelline
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pertaining to the yolk of eggs or an embryo’s yolk
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Enzyme
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any protein that catalyzes chemical reactions without being destroyed or altered (as in yeast fermenting starches)
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Analgesia *
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blocking pain perception without altering consciousness (-algia = pain)
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Neuralgia
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pain from nerve fibers (-algia = pain)
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Proctalgia
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pain from anus or rectum
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Angina
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a spasmotic, choking type of pain (angina pectoris is pain from lack of blood to heart muscle)
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Dolorimetry
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measurement of pain
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Colic
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acute abdominal pain
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Nociceptor
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pain receptor of nerves (noci- hurt, pain)
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Pleurodynia*
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pain from the muscles between ribs (-odynia pain)
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Mastodynia
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pain in the breast
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Ponograph
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instrument to measure pain in contracting muscle (pono- fatigue, pain)
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Comatose
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unconsciousness when patient cannot be around
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Hypnosis
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sleep-like condition with heightened suggestibility
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Hypnotic
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inducing sleep
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Carotid*
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principal artery of the neck (compression of both carotids causes a loss of consciousness) "ka-ro-tid"
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Narcosis
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reversible depression and insensitivity (narco- numbness, stupor)
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Narcotic
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an agent that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor
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REM
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rapid eye movement
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Somnolence
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excessive drowsiness or sleepiness (somni- sleep)
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Soporific
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causing profound sleep (spoor- deep sleep)
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Stupor
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reduced or suspended sensibility, numbness (stupere = stunned)
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Anesthesia
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lack of sensation or feeling
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Hyperesthesia
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an abnormal increase in sensitivity or feeling (-esthesia = sensation, feeling)
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Excoriation
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scratches or abrasions of the skin (excoriae = to flay/whip)
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Libido
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sexual desire
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Misogyny*
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hatred of women (miso- hatred)
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Nausea
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feeling of sickness in stomach leading to vomiting
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Palliative
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affording relief but not a cure (palliat- cloak, soothe)
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Photophobia
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sensitive to (afraid of) light
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Hydrophobia
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fear of water (this has been considered a sign of rabies)
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Placebo
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an inactive (dummy, control) medical treatment
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Placebo effect
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a perceived beneficial effect caused by expectation of a treatment rather than the treatment itself, as much as 30% of humans treated may report a benefit from sugar pills or sterile water if they think the treatment is medication instead of a placebo
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Satiety
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full gratification of appetite or thirst
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Dysthymia
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depression (-thymia = mind, emotions)
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Androgen
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substance that promotes masculinization
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Anthropomorphism
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attributing human form or characteristics to non-humans (anthropo- man)
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Anthropology
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study of the origins of humans
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Atavism
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acquiring a genetic trait from a remote ancestor (atavus grandfather)
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Endemic
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a disease prevalent to a particular location
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Epidemic
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a rapidly spreading disease of humans in the same area at the same time (an animal “epidemic” is an epizootic)
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Pandemic
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world-wide human disease outbreak
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Gamete
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a sperm or ova
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Gametogenesis
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production of a sperm or ova
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Genetics
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study of heredity
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Genodermatosis
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genetic origin (inherited) skin disease
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Gynecology
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study of diseases of the woman’s genital tract
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Gynecomastia
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woman-like development of breast tissue in a man
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Parthenogenesis
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virgin born, not resulting from a mating (parthenos virgin)
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Phylum
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a primary division in the Animal Kingdom
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Presbyopia
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aging change in eye accommodation, far-sighted (can’t see up close) (presby- old man)
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Puberty
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time of adult sex characteristics and reproduction (wt & body size causes puberty)
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Puerperal*
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pertaining to the mother of a newborn (puer child)
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Allokinesis*
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involuntary movement (reflex or passive)
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Allograft
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transplant with donor of the same species, but a different genetic makeup
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Allele
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one of a matched pair of genes at like locations on a chromosome with the same function
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Allelotaxis
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development of an organ from tissues of different origin (ex- adrenal gland)
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Anomaly
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deviation from the normal
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Anomalous
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deviating from a general rule (anomalo- irregular)
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Autogenous
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originating from the same individual that receives it (a tissue graft or a vaccine) (auto- self)
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Autoimmune
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the immune system becomes sensitized against its own tissue
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Idiopathic
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relating to an illness of unknown cause (literally “self produced sickness” but this is not how the term is now used) (idio- self produced)
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Idiosyncracy
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a structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar (pe-curel-yor, unusual) to an individual (idio- self produced)
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Nomenclature
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a classification of names
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Proprioception
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sensing stimuli (position or movement) from one’s own body)
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Ideology
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study of the development of ideas (watch the spelling not idio)
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Lethargy
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drowsy behavior
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Logoplegia
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paralysis of the speech organs (“paralysis of thought”)
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Megalomania
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unreasonable conviction of one’s own greatness
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Kleptomania
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an obsessive desire to steal
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Amnesia
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loss of memory
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Anamnesis
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(“not a loss of memory”) the patient’s memory of medical history (Amnesia = loss of memory)
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Paranoia
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delusion of persecution (Just remember: “Even when you are not paranoid, it doesn’t mean people are not out to get you”)
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Aphonia
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no voice
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Dysphonia
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abnormal sounding voice
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Sedation
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act of calming
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Ablate*
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to separate or detach (ablat- to remove)
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Abrade
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to rub away an outer layer (skin)
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Abscess
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localized collection of pus
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Acupuncture
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insertion of needles
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Cholagogue
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stimulating the flow of bile (-agogue leading)
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Amputation
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removal of a limb or appendage
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Ballistics
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study of projectiles (effect on body)
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Anabolism
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building phase of metabolism
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Catabolism
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breaking down to release energy
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Bruxism
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involuntary grinding of teeth (Brychein gnashing teeth)
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Cathartic
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causing emptying of the bowels (cathro- cleansing) ("cakth-ar-tic")
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Thoracocentesis
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placing a needle into the chest to collect a fluid sample
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Abdominocentesis
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placing a needle into the abdomen to collect a fluid sample
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Receptor
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cell or nerve ending that responds to sensations
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Incipient
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beginning to exist or appear
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Osteoclasis
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surgical breaking of a bone
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Hypodermoclysis
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injection of fluids underneath the skin (clysis not lysis)
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Diabetes
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passing through in the urine (sugar &/or water) (dia- passing through)
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Diathermy
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generating local body heat by passing electromagnetic, electric, or ultrasonic waves through the area
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Decussate
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to cross from one side to the other (Decussare to cross in form of X)
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Dehiscence
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a splitting open (dehiscere to gape)
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Dessicant
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causing to dry up (desico- to dry)
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Arthrodesis
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surgical fusion of a joint (-desis surgical fixation or fusion)
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Dilation
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to expand wider, open wider
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Dissection
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to cut up
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Dissection
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act of cutting apart
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Dynamogenesis
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development of energy in muscles or nerves (Dynamo- power)
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Thyroidectomy
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removal of the thyroid
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Hysterectomy
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removal of the uterus
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Ergonomics
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study of the efficient use of human efforts
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Abortifacient
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causing abortion
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Efferent
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carrying away from center (-ferent to carry away)
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Afferent
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carrying toward center
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Facture
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breaking, usually a bone
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Vermifuge
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dewormer
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Centrifuge
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spinning instrument to separate components of a liquid by specific gravities
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Gelatin
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a water soluble, glutinous protein produced from boiling skin, bone, hooves, and connective tissue of animals
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Gelatinous
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like jelly, viscous
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Homogenesis
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reproduction which results in offspring that resemble the parents
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Pathogenesis
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act of producing sickness
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Electrocardiogram
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recording the voltages of the beating heart
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Cachexia
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general ill health and malnutrition (literally “bad habit”) (ka-kex-ia)
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Hormone
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a chemical message sent from 1 organ to another via the blood stream
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Injection
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forcing a liquid into the body
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Luxation
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dislocation
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Hemolysis
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breaking up of RBC
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Glycolysis
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dissolving glucose sugar into simpler components
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Autolysis
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self-destruction by enzymes present in the body (after death)
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Organ
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differentiated tissue with a specific function
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Organogenesis
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development process for an organ
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Oscilloscope
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an instrument that makes an image on a monitor by a swinging beam shining on a fluorescent screen (oscillo- to swing)
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Colostromy
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creating an opening from the colon to the surface of the body (-ostomy surgical opening)
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Gastrotomy
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incision into the stomach
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Cystotomy
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incision into the urinary bladder
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Anatomy
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dissection of the body to study its structure
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Palpate
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to examine by touch with the hand
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Repellent
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able to drive away
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Propellant
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something that provide thrust or driving power
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Percussion
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tapping to access sounds produced
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Neutrophilia
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an increase in the number of WBC (typical of infection) (-philia to like)
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Hemophilia
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male-linked, inherited clotting deficiencies (-philia to like)
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Phlegmon
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an acute, severe infection with inflammation beneath the skin (phlog- burn)
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Phlogistic
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causing inflammation (phlog- burn)
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Physocele
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tumor filled with a gas (phys- blow, inflate)
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Pinocytosis
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taking in of fluids into a cell’s cytoplasm
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Anaplasia
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reversion of cells to an immature form (common in neoplasia ie cancer) (plasein = to shape)
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Dysplasia
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abnormal development (plasein = to shape)
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Aplasia
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failure to develop (plasein = to shape)
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Rhinoplasty
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surgical reconstruction of nose
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Cystoplasty
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surgical reconstruction of urinary bladder
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Plessimeter
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a small thin plate to receive the blow from a plexor (rubber hammer) for percussion (also called a pleximeter) (plessi- striking)
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Plessesthesia
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thumping the fingers while palpating (plessi- striking)
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Hematopoiesis
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making red blood cells (-poiesis making)
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Potable
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fit to drink
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Apraxia
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an incoordination without impairment of sensory or motor function (caused by a problem in the higher levels of the brain) (-praxia action, activity)
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Resuscitation
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act of attempting to revive a patient
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Gastrorrhaphy*
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suturing operation on the stomach (-rrhaphy suture)
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Cystorrhapy
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suturing operation on the urinary bladder
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Bronchoscopy
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looking at the inside of the bronchi (lower windpipes) (bron-cost-ko-pee)
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Colonoscopy
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looking at the inside of the colon (colon-os-co-pee)
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Exacerbate
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make worse
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Prescription
|
written instructions for future care
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Sphygomomanometer
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blood pressure meter
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Peristalsis
|
movement of the intestines or other tubular organs (-stalsis contraction)
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Protraction
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drawing out or lengthening
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Retract
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pulling back or in
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Triage
|
sorting out the casualties of disasters (triage = to sort out)
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Angiotribe
|
surgical forceps for crushing arteries (-tribe to crush)
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Lithotripsy
|
crushing a urinary or gall stone (-tripsy to crush)
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Vector
|
carrier of an infective agent from one host to another
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Avulsion
|
ripping or tearing apart (-vuls = to pull)
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Convulsion
|
an intense, incoordinated involuntary muscular contraction (“to pull together” – true of primates) (seizure)
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