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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Exergonic reaction |
Release Energy, reactants have MORE energy than products |
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Endergonic reaction |
Absorbs energy, products have MORE energy than reactants |
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Enzymes |
Proteins that act as biological catalysts (speed up reactions), very specific |
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Substrate |
The molecule that attaches to the enzyme |
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Active Site |
(On the enzyme) where the substrate binds |
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Denaturing Enzymes |
When an enzyme falls out of its specific pH, temperature, or salinity range |
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Palisade Mesophyll (Layer) |
Structure: Long green cells below the upper epidermis Function: Makes most food for the plant, contains lots of chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll (pigment) which helps make food |
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Spongy Mesophyll (Layer) |
Structure: below the palisade layer; round green cells that are loosely arranged with spaces "spongy" Functions: Makes food for the LEAF |
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Stomata (Stomate) |
Structure: Small pore in the epidermis of a leaf Function: Lets gases enter and exit the leaf (leads to spongy mesophyll) |
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Chlorophyll |
A pigment found in plants (specifically the chloroplast) that reflects green and absorbs red, orange, yellow, blue, indigo, and violet. |
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NADH+ - NADPH |
Electron transferring molecule that reacts with 2 high energy electrons and a H+ to make NADPH Turns sunlight into chemical form |
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Light Dependent Reactions |
Occurs in the thylakoid Membrane of the chloroplast Sunlight activates an electron transport chain where energy is transferred |
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Inputs for LDR |
- suns energy - water molecules - NADP+ molecules - ADP molecule |
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Outputs for LDR |
- O2 gas - ATP molecules - NADPH |
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ADP - ATP |
ADP (di) is a form of low energy where ATP (tri) is a form of high energy. |
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Inputs for the Calvin Cycle |
- ATP - NADPH - CO2 |
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Outputs for the Calvin Cycle |
- ADP - NADPH - Glucose (carbohydrates) |
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Factors that effect photosythesis |
- Amount of water - Temperature (0-35 degrees Celsius for enzymes) - Intensity of light - pH |
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Aerobic Respiration |
requires oxygen (mitochondria) |
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Mitochondria |
Cell organelle that chemical energy stored in food to usable energy for the cell. (Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport chain occur here.) |
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Gycolosis |
*First stage of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration* Glucose is transformed into pyruvic acid (6- 3+3 carbon) Energy is released. |
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Inputs for glycolosis |
-2 ATP - Glucose - 4 ADP - 2 NAD+ |
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Outputs for glycolosis |
- 4 ATP - 2 ADP - 2 NADH - 2 pyruvate |
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Location of glycolosis |
cytoplasm |
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Krebs Cycle Inputs |
Pyruvic acid |
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Krebs Cycle outputs |
- NADH - CO2 - FADH2 - ATP |
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Krebs Cycle Location |
Mitochondria |
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Electron Transport Chain Inputs |
- 8 NADH - 2 FADH2 - 6 O2 |
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Electron Transport Chain outputs |
- 32 ATP - 6 H2O |
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Electron Transport Chain location |
Mitochondria Membrane |
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Anaerobic Respiration |
- Does NOT require oxygen - Fermentation - Does not need mitochondria |
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Alcoholic Fermentation Inputs |
- Pyruvic Acid - NADH |
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Alcoholic Fermentation Outputs |
- Alcohol - CO2 - NAD+ |
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Alcoholic Fermentation makes... |
- Bread - Alcohol |
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Lactic Acid Fermentation Inputs |
- Pyruvic Acid - NADH |
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Lactic Acid Fermentation Outputs |
- Lactic Acid - NAD+ |
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Lactic Acid Makes.... |
- Yogurt, cheese, sour cream with bacteria - Lactic Acid |
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Photosythesis vs. Cell Respirartion |
They both consume and produce the same substances but in different ways. |