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39 Cards in this Set
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Calorie-an amount of energy equal to the heat required to raise the temp. of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius; often called a kilocalorie to distinguish it from the calorie used in physics
kilcalorie- |
Calorie, kilocalorie
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cholesterol-
triglyceride- |
cholesterol, triglyceride
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a fat cell
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adipose cell
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the digestive tube that runs from the mouth to the anus
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alimentary canal
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substances that neutralize harmful moelcules called free radicals that would otherwise damage important cell parts; examples are vitamin C and vitamin E
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antioxidant
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a special phosphorus compound that seves as the energy carrier of a cell and as a convenient form for the temporary storage of chemical energy; is used to power most cell processes
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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Calorie-an amount of energy equal to the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius; often called kilocalorie to distinguish it from the calorie (lowercase c) used in physics
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Calorie
kilocalorie |
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organic compounds, such as sugars, starches, and cellulose, that consist of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in roughly a 1:2:1 ratio; serve as a cell's primary fuel supply
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carbohydrates
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cholesterol-a lipid, manufactured by the liver, that is necessary for the production of bile, vitamin D, and some hormones
triglyceride-a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acid molecules held together by a single molecule of glycerol; a fat molecule |
cholesterol
triglyceride |
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colon-the large intestine
rectum-a muscular tube at the end of the alimentary canal used to store undigested material and expel it to the outside |
colon
rectum |
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substances such as cellulose in the diet that are not digested but help the intestines to function efficiently
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dietary fiber
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the changing of food substances with large complex chemical molecules into substances which have smaller, less complex molecules so that they can be used by body cells
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digestion
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the first ten inches of thesmall intestine as it comes from the stomach
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duodenum
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a medical tem for gastric indigestion producing symptoms of heartburn, belching, nausea, and vomiting
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dyspepsia
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protein molecules that are produced by living cells and serve as catalysts; perform such functions as tranforming raw materials into useful substances, breaking down food moelcules to produce energy, and breaking down old proteins to be recycled
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enzymes
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a strong acid produced and released by the stomach that aids digestion and helps prevent harmful bacteria from invading the digestive tract
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hydrochloric acid
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organic compounds composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but having much less oxygen than carbohydrates; used to store energy, to build cell parts, and to construct various hormones
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lipid
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a large, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen just beneath the diaphragm; serves vital funtions in the digestive system, the circulatory system, the excretory system, and even the lymphatic and immune systems
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liver
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a glandular organ in the abdominal cavity that secretes hormones and digestive enzymes
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pancreas
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a saclike organ beneath the liver that is used to store bile and release it to the small intestine
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gall-bladder
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the sum of all cellular or body activities related to the use of food and oxygen
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metabolism
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the condition of being 20% or more over one's ideal weight due to excess fat
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obese
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technical term for the mouth
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oral cavity
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the throat; the portion of the digestive tract between the mouth and the esophagus
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pharynx
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the muscular tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach
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esophagus
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a chemical process whereby a substance is combined with oxygen
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oxidation
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the rhythmic wave of muscular contractions of the exophagus and digestive tract that serves to move the contents through the tract
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peristalsis
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(1) deposits of fatty material and calcuim buildup in the wall of a blood vessel; (2) a thin, transparent film of bacteria (primarily Streptococcus mutans) that accumulates ont eh surface of teeth and hardens into tartar if not removed
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plaque
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the medical term for tooth decay or "cavities"
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dental caries
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complex organic molecules used to build and maintain living cells; consist of complex chains of amino acids
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proteins
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any of the approximately 22 organic moelcules that serve as the "building blocks" of proteins
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amino acids
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any of several common forms of bacterial infection (food poinsoning) that occur when bacteria of the genus Salmonella get into or on food
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salmonella
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a long, muscular tube that serves as the primary organ of digestion and absorption
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small intestine
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a complex carbohydrate moelecule that consists of a long chain of simple carbohydrates
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starch
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an enlargement of the alimentary canal which functions as an organ of storage and digestion
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stomach
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an open sore on a covering or lining of the body, especially in the stomach or alimentary canal
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ulcer
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villi-the miscroscopic projections of the internal lining of the small intestine that provide a large surface area for the absorption of material into the body
microvilli-any of the fine extensions of the epithelial cells of the villi in the small intestine that greatly increse the surface area for absorption |
villi
microvilli |
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important organic substances found in foods tha are needed in small amounts for the proper functioning of an organism's chemical processes, or metabolism, most serve as coenzymes
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vitamins
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an inorganic substance necessary in the diet for proper growth and repair of tissues
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minerals
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