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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What evidence do we have that land plants evolved from green algae?
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Rosette-shaped cellulose-synthesizing complexes, peroxisome enzymes, structure of flagellated sperm, and formation of phragmoplast.
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What is sporopollenin?
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A layer of durable polymer in charophytes, that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out.
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What are the derived traits of land plants?
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Walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametangia, apical meristems, and alteration of generations and multicellular, dependent embryos.
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What is the cuticle?
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The covering of the epidermis, which consists of polyester and wax polymers. Permanently exposed to air, land plants run a far greater risk of desiccation. The cuticle acts as waterproofing and helps prevent excess water loss.
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What is vascular tissue?
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Cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
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What plants are nonvascular?
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Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
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What are bryophytes?
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The informal name for nonvascular plants.
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What is a grade?
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a collection of organisms that share a common level of biological organization or adaptation.
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What is a seed?
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an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat.
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What two groups can seed plants be divided into?
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Angiosperms and gymnosperms.
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What are gymnosperms?
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"Naked seeds" plants because their seeds are not enclosed in chambers.
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What are angiosperms?
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A huge clade consisting of all flowering plants. Their seeds develop inside chambers called ovaries, which originate within flowers and mature into fruits.
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What are rhizoids?
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They anchor gametophytes. They are long, tubular single cells or filaments of cells. Unlike roots, they are not composed of tissues.
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What are tracheids?
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Tube-shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from roots.
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What is Xylem?
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It conducts most of the water and minerals.
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What are roots?
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Are organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Roots also anchor vascular plants, hence allowing the shoot system to grow taller.
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