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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The ____ and _____ interact in movement.
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skeleton and muscles
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Antagonistic pairs of muscles have _____ actions and _____ muscles.
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reverse, relengthen
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Muscles are connected to bones by ______.
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tendons
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Muscles can only _____.
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contract
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cells with multiple nuclei made up of bundles of myofibrils
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muscle fibers
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Each muscle fiber is a single long, cylindrical cell that has many nuclei. Most of its volume is occupied by about a thousand ______.
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myofibrils
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Myofibrils contain thick _____ filaments that overlap with thin _____ filaments.
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myosin, actin
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the region between two dark, narrow lines, called Z lines, in the myofibril, Each myofibril consists of a long series of these.
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sarcomeres.
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the contractile unit - the fundamental unit of muscle action
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sarcomeres
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A muscle contracts when ____ filaments slide across ____ filaments.
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thin, thick
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_____ heads of the thick filaments bind ____ and extend to _____ energy states. _____ heads then _____ to binding sites on the ____ molecules and ____ the thin filaments toward the ____ of the _____. The ____ of a motor neuron forms _____ with a muscle at a ______ junction
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Myosin, ATP, high, Myosin, attach, actin, pull, center, sarcomere, axon, synapses, neuromuscular
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Motor neurons ____ muscle contraction
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stimulate
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______ is released form the synaptic terminal of a motor neuron
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Acetylcholine (motor neuron)
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Acetylcholine diffuses to the plasma membrane of the ______.
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muscle fiber
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An action potential in a muscle fiber passes along _____ into the center of ______.
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T tubules, muscle fiber
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Calcium ions are released from the _________. They initiate ____ contraction by moving _____ proteins away from the _____ binding sites.
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endoplasmic reticulum, muscle, regulatory, actin
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What are the two things that a motor unit consists of?
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A neuron AND the set of muscle fibers it controls
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When fine motor control is required, there are fewer ______ per motor unit.
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muscle cells
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Most of the ATP used to power muscles comes from ______?
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Aerobic respiration
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Aerobic respiration requires a steady supply of ____ and ____.
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glucose, oxygen
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Muscle growth equals the addition of _____ to the cells (also mitochondria and blood vessels)
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myofibrils
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In birds dark meat =
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myoglobin, fat, and capillaries for sustained exertion
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In birds white meat =
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less of myoglobin, fat, and capillaries for short bursts of energy
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Types of muscle fibers:
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Slow fibers, intermediate fibers, fast fibers.
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Most muscles are a combination of ______.
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fibers
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Muscle is broken down into
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muscle fibers, myofibrils which contain myosin and actin, sarcomere
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When a muscle contracts it doesn't change size, the ____ and ____ contract
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myofibrils and muscle fibers
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Contraction of a sarcomere requires ___ molecules.
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ATP
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Thick myosin have lots of _____ like projections all over that fiber. They form attachments to the thin _____ fibers, accomplished by moving the projections with the help of energy (____).
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club, actin, ATP
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______ send message to our sarcomeres to contract.
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Action potentials
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Each stroke of club like filaments on the myosin fragments requires _____.
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ATP
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Actin and myosin within sarcomere all ____ each other. Contraction _____ the 2 ends together --> _____ contraction of that unit
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overlay, slides, lengthwise
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Myosin bonds with ____ and ____. Calcium bonds to ______ and changes/rearranges the ____ so myosin can bond. This all happens within _____.
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ADP, Phosphate, protein complex, actin, sarcomere
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The contractile unit of muscle, the sarcomere. The Contraction shortens the _____ but _____ the length of myosin and actin.
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sarcomere, doesn't change
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_____ binds to protein complexes causing it to shift to show ___ binding sites.
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Calcium, myosin
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