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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a fossil? |
Any organism or part of an organism preserved in rock or clay. |
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Give two reasons why it is important to find not only a fossil but also the rock layer it was deposited in? |
To establish the date of the fossil and to establish the relationship of the fossil to other fossils. |
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What are homologous structures? |
Structures with different functions but the same anatomical design. |
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What are vestigial structures? |
Homologous structures that function in one species but have no function at all in another. |
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What are analogous structures? |
Structures that are not anatomically similar but perform the same task. |
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What do analogous structures represent? |
Convergent evolution. |
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What is radiometric dating based on? |
Radioactivity decay. |
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What is the estimated age of the Earth? |
4.6 billion years |
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What are embryological clues to common descent with modification? |
Fetal tail Fetal gill slits |
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What is a biochemical clue to am ancient ancestor? |
An enzyme that is fundamentally the same in all organisms. |
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What are organics macromolecules that suggest common ancestry? |
DNA RNA ATP |
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Natural selection acts on_______________. |
Individuals |
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Evolution acts on________________. |
Populations |
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Which part of evolution suggest a design for better animals? |
None |
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What is the relationship between phenotype, heredity and genotype? |
Changes in phenotype that can be inherited must have also changed the genotype. |
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What is a population? |
All the individuals of a species living in one place at one time. |
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The total of all the alleles in a population is called the_______________? |
Gene pool |
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What causes changes in allele frequency in a population? |
1) mutation 2) gene flow 3) free genetic drift 4) non-random mating 5) natural selection |
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How does exposure to an antibiotic cause antibiotic resistance? |
It doesn't. |
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In a population that contains alleles that confer antibiotic resistance, what does exposure to the antibiotics cause? |
Change in allele frequency. |
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What is gene flow? |
Migration between populations. |
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What is the consequence of no gene flow? |
In-breeding. |
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What is a disadvantage of small populations? |
Decrease is in population are more likely to change allele frequencies. |
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What is genetic drift? |
Change in allele frequency due to natural disaster. |
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What are the two types of genetic drift? |
Bottleneck - occurs after a drastic decline in the population.
Founder effect - with a sub-set is isolated from the main population. |
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What is sexual selection? |
Choosing mates because of a particular characteristic. |
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If evolution can be said to have a goal, it is__________________? |
Reproduction |
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What is the cause of competition? |
Limited resources. |
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What is coevolution? |
Two species, each of which acts as an agent of natural selection on the other - usually a predator - prey relationship. |
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Define the three types of allele frequency change that may occur with a polygenic trait. |
Directional - favors one extreme over the other. Stabilizing - favors the average over both extremes. Disruptive - favors both extremes over the average. |
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What is the point of the peacock's tail? |
Reproductive advantage. |
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Acquiring another chance mutations to produce reproductive isolation from the former population is called_______________? |
Speciation |
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The type of isolation that occurs when part of the population moved to a new location is________________? |
Allopatric |
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What is polyploidy? |
Failure of cell division after nuclear division. |
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What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? |
Micro - change in allele frequency. Macro - new species. |
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Which of the isolating mechanism produces speciation? |
Polyploidy. |
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What does produce speciation? |
Chance mutation. |
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What is temporal isolation? |
Subgroups of a population mating at different times. |
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What are the usual result of hybridization? |
Sterility. |
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If an organism is a generalist, what does this imply about the rate of speciation? |
Low. |
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What is a niche? |
An opportunity for an organism to make a living. |
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What is adaptive radiation? |
Rapid speciation to fill newly opened niches. |
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What is the theory of punctuated equilibrium? |
Evolution usually precedes at a slow, regular pace with catastrophic events can cause it to speed up. |
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What causes extinction? |
Natural Selection: - climate change - habitat change - evolution and competitors or predators - over-specialization |
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What is ontogeny? |
Embryological history of an individual. |
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What is phylogeny? |
The evolutionary history of a species. |
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A system of classification that attempt to establish evolutionary relationships in to put a date on the appearance of speciation is________________. A system that relates organism solely on their derived characteristics is________________. |
Classical autonomy
Cladistics |